/[pcre]/code/trunk/pcre_compile.c

Diff of /code/trunk/pcre_compile.c

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-revision 85 by nigel,
Sat Feb 24 21:41:13 2007 UTC
+revision 150 by ph10,
Tue Apr 17 08:22:40 2007 UTC
 Line 6
  and semantics are as close as possible to those of the Perl 5 language.
                         Written by Philip Hazel
-            Copyright (c) 1997-2005 University of Cambridge
+            Copyright (c) 1997-2007 University of Cambridge
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 Line 42 
 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  supporting internal functions that are not used by other modules. */
+ #define NLBLOCK cd             /* Block containing newline information */
+ #define PSSTART start_pattern  /* Field containing processed string start */
+ #define PSEND   end_pattern    /* Field containing processed string end */
  #include "pcre_internal.h"
-Line 53 
 used by pcretest. DEBUG is not defined w
+Line 58 
 used by pcretest. DEBUG is not defined w
  #endif
  /*************************************************
  *      Code parameters and static tables         *
  *************************************************/
- /* Maximum number of items on the nested bracket stacks at compile time. This
+ /* This value specifies the size of stack workspace that is used during the
- applies to the nesting of all kinds of parentheses. It does not limit
+ first pre-compile phase that determines how much memory is required. The regex
- un-nested, non-capturing parentheses. This number can be made bigger if
+ is partly compiled into this space, but the compiled parts are discarded as
- necessary - it is used to dimension one int and one unsigned char vector at
+ soon as they can be, so that hopefully there will never be an overrun. The code
- compile time. */
+ does, however, check for an overrun. The largest amount I've seen used is 218,
+ so this number is very generous.
+ The same workspace is used during the second, actual compile phase for
+ remembering forward references to groups so that they can be filled in at the
+ end. Each entry in this list occupies LINK_SIZE bytes, so even when LINK_SIZE
+ is 4 there is plenty of room. */
- #define BRASTACK_SIZE 200
+ #define COMPILE_WORK_SIZE (4096)
  /* Table for handling escaped characters in the range '0'-'z'. Positive returns
-Line 72 
 are simple data values; negative values
+Line 82 
 are simple data values; negative values
  on. Zero means further processing is needed (for things like \x), or the escape
  is invalid. */
- #if !EBCDIC   /* This is the "normal" table for ASCII systems */
+ #ifndef EBCDIC  /* This is the "normal" table for ASCII systems */
  static const short int escapes[] = {
 ,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,   /* 0 - 7 */
 ,      0,    ':',    ';',    '<',    '=',    '>',    '?',   /* 8 - ? */
     '@', -ESC_A, -ESC_B, -ESC_C, -ESC_D, -ESC_E,      0, -ESC_G,   /* @ - G */
 ,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,   /* H - O */
- -ESC_P, -ESC_Q,      0, -ESC_S,      0,      0,      0, -ESC_W,   /* P - W */
+ -ESC_P, -ESC_Q, -ESC_R, -ESC_S,      0,      0,      0, -ESC_W,   /* P - W */
  -ESC_X,      0, -ESC_Z,    '[',   '\\',    ']',    '^',    '_',   /* X - _ */
     '`',      7, -ESC_b,      0, -ESC_d,  ESC_e,  ESC_f,      0,   /* ` - g */
-,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,  ESC_n,      0,   /* h - o */
+,      0,      0, -ESC_k,      0,      0,  ESC_n,      0,   /* h - o */
  -ESC_p,      0,  ESC_r, -ESC_s,  ESC_tee,    0,      0, -ESC_w,   /* p - w */
 ,      0, -ESC_z                                            /* x - z */
  };
- #else         /* This is the "abnormal" table for EBCDIC systems */
+ #else           /* This is the "abnormal" table for EBCDIC systems */
  static const short int escapes[] = {
  /*  48 */     0,     0,      0,     '.',    '<',   '(',    '+',    '|',
  /*  50 */   '&',     0,      0,       0,      0,     0,      0,      0,
-Line 97 
 static const short int escapes[] = {
+Line 107 
 static const short int escapes[] = {
  /*  78 */     0,   '`',    ':',     '#',    '@',  '\'',    '=',    '"',
  /*  80 */     0,     7, -ESC_b,       0, -ESC_d, ESC_e,  ESC_f,      0,
  /*  88 */     0,     0,      0,     '{',      0,     0,      0,      0,
- /*  90 */     0,     0,      0,     'l',      0, ESC_n,      0, -ESC_p,
+ /*  90 */     0,     0, -ESC_k,     'l',      0, ESC_n,      0, -ESC_p,
  /*  98 */     0, ESC_r,      0,     '}',      0,     0,      0,      0,
  /*  A0 */     0,   '~', -ESC_s, ESC_tee,      0,     0, -ESC_w,      0,
  /*  A8 */     0,-ESC_z,      0,       0,      0,   '[',      0,      0,
-Line 106 
 static const short int escapes[] = {
+Line 116 
 static const short int escapes[] = {
  /*  C0 */   '{',-ESC_A, -ESC_B,  -ESC_C, -ESC_D,-ESC_E,      0, -ESC_G,
  /*  C8 */     0,     0,      0,       0,      0,     0,      0,      0,
  /*  D0 */   '}',     0,      0,       0,      0,     0,      0, -ESC_P,
- /*  D8 */-ESC_Q,     0,      0,       0,      0,     0,      0,      0,
+ /*  D8 */-ESC_Q,-ESC_R,      0,       0,      0,     0,      0,      0,
  /*  E0 */  '\\',     0, -ESC_S,       0,      0,     0, -ESC_W, -ESC_X,
  /*  E8 */     0,-ESC_Z,      0,       0,      0,     0,      0,      0,
  /*  F0 */     0,     0,      0,       0,      0,     0,      0,      0,
-Line 116 
 static const short int escapes[] = {
+Line 126 
 static const short int escapes[] = {
  /* Tables of names of POSIX character classes and their lengths. The list is
- terminated by a zero length entry. The first three must be alpha, upper, lower,
+ terminated by a zero length entry. The first three must be alpha, lower, upper,
  as this is assumed for handling case independence. */
  static const char *const posix_names[] = {
-Line 127 
 static const char *const posix_names[] =
+Line 137 
 static const char *const posix_names[] =
  static const uschar posix_name_lengths[] = {
 , 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 0 };
- /* Table of class bit maps for each POSIX class; up to three may be combined
+ /* Table of class bit maps for each POSIX class. Each class is formed from a
- to form the class. The table for [:blank:] is dynamically modified to remove
+ base map, with an optional addition or removal of another map. Then, for some
- the vertical space characters. */
+ classes, there is some additional tweaking: for [:blank:] the vertical space
+ characters are removed, and for [:alpha:] and [:alnum:] the underscore
+ character is removed. The triples in the table consist of the base map offset,
+ second map offset or -1 if no second map, and a non-negative value for map
+ addition or a negative value for map subtraction (if there are two maps). The
+ absolute value of the third field has these meanings: 0 => no tweaking, 1 =>
+ remove vertical space characters, 2 => remove underscore. */
  static const int posix_class_maps[] = {
-   cbit_lower, cbit_upper, -1,             /* alpha */
+   cbit_word,  cbit_digit, -2,             /* alpha */
-   cbit_lower, -1,         -1,             /* lower */
+   cbit_lower, -1,          0,             /* lower */
-   cbit_upper, -1,         -1,             /* upper */
+   cbit_upper, -1,          0,             /* upper */
-   cbit_digit, cbit_lower, cbit_upper,     /* alnum */
+   cbit_word,  -1,          2,             /* alnum - word without underscore */
-   cbit_print, cbit_cntrl, -1,             /* ascii */
+   cbit_print, cbit_cntrl,  0,             /* ascii */
-   cbit_space, -1,         -1,             /* blank - a GNU extension */
+   cbit_space, -1,          1,             /* blank - a GNU extension */
-   cbit_cntrl, -1,         -1,             /* cntrl */
+   cbit_cntrl, -1,          0,             /* cntrl */
-   cbit_digit, -1,         -1,             /* digit */
+   cbit_digit, -1,          0,             /* digit */
-   cbit_graph, -1,         -1,             /* graph */
+   cbit_graph, -1,          0,             /* graph */
-   cbit_print, -1,         -1,             /* print */
+   cbit_print, -1,          0,             /* print */
-   cbit_punct, -1,         -1,             /* punct */
+   cbit_punct, -1,          0,             /* punct */
-   cbit_space, -1,         -1,             /* space */
+   cbit_space, -1,          0,             /* space */
-   cbit_word,  -1,         -1,             /* word - a Perl extension */
+   cbit_word,  -1,          0,             /* word - a Perl extension */
-   cbit_xdigit,-1,         -1              /* xdigit */
+   cbit_xdigit,-1,          0              /* xdigit */
  };
+ #define STRING(a)  # a
+ #define XSTRING(s) STRING(s)
  /* The texts of compile-time error messages. These are "char *" because they
- are passed to the outside world. */
+ are passed to the outside world. Do not ever re-use any error number, because
+ they are documented. Always add a new error instead. Messages marked DEAD below
+ are no longer used. */
  static const char *error_texts[] = {
    "no error",
-Line 165 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
+Line 186 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
    "range out of order in character class",
    "nothing to repeat",
    /* 10 */
-   "operand of unlimited repeat could match the empty string",
+   "operand of unlimited repeat could match the empty string",  /** DEAD **/
    "internal error: unexpected repeat",
    "unrecognized character after (?",
    "POSIX named classes are supported only within a class",
-Line 175 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
+Line 196 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
    "erroffset passed as NULL",
    "unknown option bit(s) set",
    "missing ) after comment",
-   "parentheses nested too deeply",
+   "parentheses nested too deeply",  /** DEAD **/
    /* 20 */
    "regular expression too large",
    "failed to get memory",
-Line 184 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
+Line 205 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
    "unrecognized character after (?<",
    /* 25 */
    "lookbehind assertion is not fixed length",
-   "malformed number after (?(",
+   "malformed number or name after (?(",
    "conditional group contains more than two branches",
    "assertion expected after (?(",
    "(?R or (?digits must be followed by )",
-Line 192 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
+Line 213 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
    "unknown POSIX class name",
    "POSIX collating elements are not supported",
    "this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support",
-   "spare error",
+   "spare error",  /** DEAD **/
    "character value in \\x{...} sequence is too large",
    /* 35 */
    "invalid condition (?(0)",
-Line 203 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
+Line 224 
 static const char *error_texts[] = {
    /* 40 */
    "recursive call could loop indefinitely",
    "unrecognized character after (?P",
-   "syntax error after (?P",
+   "syntax error in subpattern name (missing terminator)",
-   "two named groups have the same name",
+   "two named subpatterns have the same name",
    "invalid UTF-8 string",
    /* 45 */
    "support for \\P, \\p, and \\X has not been compiled",
    "malformed \\P or \\p sequence",
-   "unknown property name after \\P or \\p"
+   "unknown property name after \\P or \\p",
+   "subpattern name is too long (maximum " XSTRING(MAX_NAME_SIZE) " characters)",
+   "too many named subpatterns (maximum " XSTRING(MAX_NAME_COUNT) ")",
+   /* 50 */
+   "repeated subpattern is too long",
+   "octal value is greater than \\377 (not in UTF-8 mode)",
+   "internal error: overran compiling workspace",
+   "internal error: previously-checked referenced subpattern not found",
+   "DEFINE group contains more than one branch",
+   /* 55 */
+   "repeating a DEFINE group is not allowed",
+   "inconsistent NEWLINE options",
+   "\\g is not followed by an (optionally braced) non-zero number"
  };
-Line 229 
 For convenience, we use the same bit def
+Line 262 
 For convenience, we use the same bit def
  Then we can use ctype_digit and ctype_xdigit in the code. */
- #if !EBCDIC    /* This is the "normal" case, for ASCII systems */
+ #ifndef EBCDIC  /* This is the "normal" case, for ASCII systems */
  static const unsigned char digitab[] =
    {
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*   0-  7 */
-Line 265 
 static const unsigned char digitab[] =
+Line 298 
 static const unsigned char digitab[] =
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /* 240-247 */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};/* 248-255 */
- #else          /* This is the "abnormal" case, for EBCDIC systems */
+ #else           /* This is the "abnormal" case, for EBCDIC systems */
  static const unsigned char digitab[] =
    {
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*   0-  7  0 */
-Line 279 
 static const unsigned char digitab[] =
+Line 312 
 static const unsigned char digitab[] =
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*    - 71 40 */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*  72- |     */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*  & - 87 50 */
-x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*  88- �     */
+x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*  88- 95    */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*  - -103 60 */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /* 104- ?     */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /* 112-119 70 */
-Line 313 
 static const unsigned char ebcdic_charta
+Line 346 
 static const unsigned char ebcdic_charta
 x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*    - 71 */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80, /*  72- |  */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*  & - 87 */
-x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, /*  88- �  */
+x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00, /*  88- 95 */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*  - -103 */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x80, /* 104- ?  */
 x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /* 112-119 */
-Line 340 
 static const unsigned char ebcdic_charta
+Line 373 
 static const unsigned char ebcdic_charta
  /* Definition to allow mutual recursion */
  static BOOL
-   compile_regex(int, int, int *, uschar **, const uschar **, int *, BOOL, int,
+   compile_regex(int, int, uschar **, const uschar **, int *, BOOL, int, int *,
-     int *, int *, branch_chain *, compile_data *);
+     int *, branch_chain *, compile_data *, int *);
-Line 351 
 static BOOL
+Line 384 
 static BOOL
  /* This function is called when a \ has been encountered. It either returns a
  positive value for a simple escape such as \n, or a negative value which
- encodes one of the more complicated things such as \d. When UTF-8 is enabled,
+ encodes one of the more complicated things such as \d. A backreference to group
- a positive value greater than 255 may be returned. On entry, ptr is pointing at
+ n is returned as -(ESC_REF + n); ESC_REF is the highest ESC_xxx macro. When
- the \. On exit, it is on the final character of the escape sequence.
+ UTF-8 is enabled, a positive value greater than 255 may be returned. On entry,
+ ptr is pointing at the \. On exit, it is on the final character of the escape
+ sequence.
  Arguments:
    ptrptr         points to the pattern position pointer
-Line 371 
 static int
+Line 406 
 static int
  check_escape(const uschar **ptrptr, int *errorcodeptr, int bracount,
    int options, BOOL isclass)
  {
- const uschar *ptr = *ptrptr;
+ BOOL utf8 = (options & PCRE_UTF8) != 0;
+ const uschar *ptr = *ptrptr + 1;
  int c, i;
+ GETCHARINCTEST(c, ptr);           /* Get character value, increment pointer */
+ ptr--;                            /* Set pointer back to the last byte */
  /* If backslash is at the end of the pattern, it's an error. */
- c = *(++ptr);
  if (c == 0) *errorcodeptr = ERR1;
  /* Non-alphamerics are literals. For digits or letters, do an initial lookup in
  a table. A non-zero result is something that can be returned immediately.
  Otherwise further processing may be required. */
- #if !EBCDIC    /* ASCII coding */
+ #ifndef EBCDIC  /* ASCII coding */
  else if (c < '0' || c > 'z') {}                           /* Not alphameric */
  else if ((i = escapes[c - '0']) != 0) c = i;
- #else          /* EBCDIC coding */
+ #else           /* EBCDIC coding */
  else if (c < 'a' || (ebcdic_chartab[c] & 0x0E) == 0) {}   /* Not alphameric */
  else if ((i = escapes[c - 0x48]) != 0)  c = i;
  #endif
-Line 397 
 else if ((i = escapes[c - 0x48]) != 0)
+Line 435 
 else if ((i = escapes[c - 0x48]) != 0)
  else
    {
    const uschar *oldptr;
+   BOOL braced, negated;
    switch (c)
      {
      /* A number of Perl escapes are not handled by PCRE. We give an explicit
-Line 410 
 else
+Line 450 
 else
      *errorcodeptr = ERR37;
      break;
+     /* \g must be followed by a number, either plain or braced. If positive, it
+     is an absolute backreference. If negative, it is a relative backreference.
+     This is a Perl 5.10 feature. */
+     case 'g':
+     if (ptr[1] == '{')
+       {
+       braced = TRUE;
+       ptr++;
+       }
+     else braced = FALSE;
+     if (ptr[1] == '-')
+       {
+       negated = TRUE;
+       ptr++;
+       }
+     else negated = FALSE;
+     c = 0;
+     while ((digitab[ptr[1]] & ctype_digit) != 0)
+       c = c * 10 + *(++ptr) - '0';
+     if (c == 0 || (braced && *(++ptr) != '}'))
+       {
+       *errorcodeptr = ERR57;
+       return 0;
+       }
+     if (negated)
+       {
+       if (c > bracount)
+         {
+         *errorcodeptr = ERR15;
+         return 0;
+         }
+       c = bracount - (c - 1);
+       }
+     c = -(ESC_REF + c);
+     break;
      /* The handling of escape sequences consisting of a string of digits
      starting with one that is not zero is not straightforward. By experiment,
      the way Perl works seems to be as follows:
-Line 451 
 else
+Line 533 
 else
        }
      /* \0 always starts an octal number, but we may drop through to here with a
-     larger first octal digit. */
+     larger first octal digit. The original code used just to take the least
+     significant 8 bits of octal numbers (I think this is what early Perls used
+     to do). Nowadays we allow for larger numbers in UTF-8 mode, but no more
+     than 3 octal digits. */
      case '0':
      c -= '0';
      while(i++ < 2 && ptr[1] >= '0' && ptr[1] <= '7')
          c = c * 8 + *(++ptr) - '0';
-     c &= 255;     /* Take least significant 8 bits */
+     if (!utf8 && c > 255) *errorcodeptr = ERR51;
      break;
-     /* \x is complicated when UTF-8 is enabled. \x{ddd} is a character number
+     /* \x is complicated. \x{ddd} is a character number which can be greater
-     which can be greater than 0xff, but only if the ddd are hex digits. */
+     than 0xff in utf8 mode, but only if the ddd are hex digits. If not, { is
+     treated as a data character. */
      case 'x':
- #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+     if (ptr[1] == '{')
-     if (ptr[1] == '{' && (options & PCRE_UTF8) != 0)
        {
        const uschar *pt = ptr + 2;
-       register int count = 0;
+       int count = 0;
        c = 0;
        while ((digitab[*pt] & ctype_xdigit) != 0)
          {
-         int cc = *pt++;
+         register int cc = *pt++;
+         if (c == 0 && cc == '0') continue;     /* Leading zeroes */
          count++;
- #if !EBCDIC    /* ASCII coding */
+ #ifndef EBCDIC  /* ASCII coding */
          if (cc >= 'a') cc -= 32;               /* Convert to upper case */
-         c = c * 16 + cc - ((cc < 'A')? '0' : ('A' - 10));
+         c = (c << 4) + cc - ((cc < 'A')? '0' : ('A' - 10));
- #else          /* EBCDIC coding */
+ #else           /* EBCDIC coding */
          if (cc >= 'a' && cc <= 'z') cc += 64;  /* Convert to upper case */
-         c = c * 16 + cc - ((cc >= '0')? '0' : ('A' - 10));
+         c = (c << 4) + cc - ((cc >= '0')? '0' : ('A' - 10));
  #endif
          }
        if (*pt == '}')
          {
-         if (c < 0 || count > 8) *errorcodeptr = ERR34;
+         if (c < 0 || count > (utf8? 8 : 2)) *errorcodeptr = ERR34;
          ptr = pt;
          break;
          }
        /* If the sequence of hex digits does not end with '}', then we don't
        recognize this construct; fall through to the normal \x handling. */
        }
- #endif
-     /* Read just a single hex char */
+     /* Read just a single-byte hex-defined char */
      c = 0;
      while (i++ < 2 && (digitab[ptr[1]] & ctype_xdigit) != 0)
        {
        int cc;                               /* Some compilers don't like ++ */
        cc = *(++ptr);                        /* in initializers */
- #if !EBCDIC    /* ASCII coding */
+ #ifndef EBCDIC  /* ASCII coding */
        if (cc >= 'a') cc -= 32;              /* Convert to upper case */
        c = c * 16 + cc - ((cc < 'A')? '0' : ('A' - 10));
- #else          /* EBCDIC coding */
+ #else           /* EBCDIC coding */
        if (cc <= 'z') cc += 64;              /* Convert to upper case */
        c = c * 16 + cc - ((cc >= '0')? '0' : ('A' - 10));
  #endif
        }
      break;
-     /* Other special escapes not starting with a digit are straightforward */
+     /* For \c, a following letter is upper-cased; then the 0x40 bit is flipped.
+     This coding is ASCII-specific, but then the whole concept of \cx is
+     ASCII-specific. (However, an EBCDIC equivalent has now been added.) */
      case 'c':
      c = *(++ptr);
-Line 520 
 else
+Line 611 
 else
        return 0;
        }
-     /* A letter is upper-cased; then the 0x40 bit is flipped. This coding
+ #ifndef EBCDIC  /* ASCII coding */
-     is ASCII-specific, but then the whole concept of \cx is ASCII-specific.
-     (However, an EBCDIC equivalent has now been added.) */
- #if !EBCDIC    /* ASCII coding */
      if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') c -= 32;
      c ^= 0x40;
- #else          /* EBCDIC coding */
+ #else           /* EBCDIC coding */
      if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') c += 64;
      c ^= 0xC0;
  #endif
-Line 569 
 escape sequence.
+Line 656 
 escape sequence.
  Argument:
    ptrptr         points to the pattern position pointer
    negptr         points to a boolean that is set TRUE for negation else FALSE
+   dptr           points to an int that is set to the detailed property value
    errorcodeptr   points to the error code variable
- Returns:     value from ucp_type_table, or -1 for an invalid type
+ Returns:         type value from ucp_type_table, or -1 for an invalid type
  */
  static int
- get_ucp(const uschar **ptrptr, BOOL *negptr, int *errorcodeptr)
+ get_ucp(const uschar **ptrptr, BOOL *negptr, int *dptr, int *errorcodeptr)
  {
  int c, i, bot, top;
  const uschar *ptr = *ptrptr;
- char name[4];
+ char name[32];
  c = *(++ptr);
  if (c == 0) goto ERROR_RETURN;
  *negptr = FALSE;
- /* \P or \p can be followed by a one- or two-character name in {}, optionally
+ /* \P or \p can be followed by a name in {}, optionally preceded by ^ for
- preceded by ^ for negation. */
+ negation. */
  if (c == '{')
    {
-Line 596 
 if (c == '{')
+Line 684 
 if (c == '{')
      *negptr = TRUE;
      ptr++;
      }
-   for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
+   for (i = 0; i < sizeof(name) - 1; i++)
      {
      c = *(++ptr);
      if (c == 0) goto ERROR_RETURN;
      if (c == '}') break;
      name[i] = c;
      }
-   if (c !='}')   /* Try to distinguish error cases */
+   if (c !='}') goto ERROR_RETURN;
-     {
-     while (*(++ptr) != 0 && *ptr != '}');
-     if (*ptr == '}') goto UNKNOWN_RETURN; else goto ERROR_RETURN;
-     }
    name[i] = 0;
    }
-Line 628 
 top = _pcre_utt_size;
+Line 712 
 top = _pcre_utt_size;
  while (bot < top)
    {
-   i = (bot + top)/2;
+   i = (bot + top) >> 1;
    c = strcmp(name, _pcre_utt[i].name);
-   if (c == 0) return _pcre_utt[i].value;
+   if (c == 0)
+     {
+     *dptr = _pcre_utt[i].value;
+     return _pcre_utt[i].type;
+     }
    if (c > 0) bot = i + 1; else top = i;
    }
- UNKNOWN_RETURN:
  *errorcodeptr = ERR47;
  *ptrptr = ptr;
  return -1;
-Line 750 
 return p;
+Line 837 
 return p;
  /*************************************************
+ *       Find forward referenced subpattern       *
+ *************************************************/
+ /* This function scans along a pattern's text looking for capturing
+ subpatterns, and counting them. If it finds a named pattern that matches the
+ name it is given, it returns its number. Alternatively, if the name is NULL, it
+ returns when it reaches a given numbered subpattern. This is used for forward
+ references to subpatterns. We know that if (?P< is encountered, the name will
+ be terminated by '>' because that is checked in the first pass.
+ Arguments:
+   ptr          current position in the pattern
+   count        current count of capturing parens so far encountered
+   name         name to seek, or NULL if seeking a numbered subpattern
+   lorn         name length, or subpattern number if name is NULL
+   xmode        TRUE if we are in /x mode
+ Returns:       the number of the named subpattern, or -1 if not found
+ */
+ static int
+ find_parens(const uschar *ptr, int count, const uschar *name, int lorn,
+   BOOL xmode)
+ {
+ const uschar *thisname;
+ for (; *ptr != 0; ptr++)
+   {
+   int term;
+   /* Skip over backslashed characters and also entire \Q...\E */
+   if (*ptr == '\\')
+     {
+     if (*(++ptr) == 0) return -1;
+     if (*ptr == 'Q') for (;;)
+       {
+       while (*(++ptr) != 0 && *ptr != '\\');
+       if (*ptr == 0) return -1;
+       if (*(++ptr) == 'E') break;
+       }
+     continue;
+     }
+   /* Skip over character classes */
+   if (*ptr == '[')
+     {
+     while (*(++ptr) != ']')
+       {
+       if (*ptr == '\\')
+         {
+         if (*(++ptr) == 0) return -1;
+         if (*ptr == 'Q') for (;;)
+           {
+           while (*(++ptr) != 0 && *ptr != '\\');
+           if (*ptr == 0) return -1;
+           if (*(++ptr) == 'E') break;
+           }
+         continue;
+         }
+       }
+     continue;
+     }
+   /* Skip comments in /x mode */
+   if (xmode && *ptr == '#')
+     {
+     while (*(++ptr) != 0 && *ptr != '\n');
+     if (*ptr == 0) return -1;
+     continue;
+     }
+   /* An opening parens must now be a real metacharacter */
+   if (*ptr != '(') continue;
+   if (ptr[1] != '?')
+     {
+     count++;
+     if (name == NULL && count == lorn) return count;
+     continue;
+     }
+   ptr += 2;
+   if (*ptr == 'P') ptr++;                      /* Allow optional P */
+   /* We have to disambiguate (?<! and (?<= from (?<name> */
+   if ((*ptr != '<' || ptr[1] == '!' || ptr[1] == '=') &&
+        *ptr != '\'')
+     continue;
+   count++;
+   if (name == NULL && count == lorn) return count;
+   term = *ptr++;
+   if (term == '<') term = '>';
+   thisname = ptr;
+   while (*ptr != term) ptr++;
+   if (name != NULL && lorn == ptr - thisname &&
+       strncmp((const char *)name, (const char *)thisname, lorn) == 0)
+     return count;
+   }
+ return -1;
+ }
+ /*************************************************
  *      Find first significant op code            *
  *************************************************/
-Line 798 
 for (;;)
+Line 996 
 for (;;)
      case OP_CALLOUT:
      case OP_CREF:
-     case OP_BRANUMBER:
+     case OP_RREF:
+     case OP_DEF:
      code += _pcre_OP_lengths[*code];
      break;
-Line 843 
 for (;;)
+Line 1042 
 for (;;)
    {
    int d;
    register int op = *cc;
-   if (op >= OP_BRA) op = OP_BRA;
    switch (op)
      {
+     case OP_CBRA:
      case OP_BRA:
      case OP_ONCE:
      case OP_COND:
-     d = find_fixedlength(cc, options);
+     d = find_fixedlength(cc + ((op == OP_CBRA)? 2:0), options);
      if (d < 0) return d;
      branchlength += d;
      do cc += GET(cc, 1); while (*cc == OP_ALT);
-Line 885 
 for (;;)
+Line 1084 
 for (;;)
      /* Skip over things that don't match chars */
      case OP_REVERSE:
-     case OP_BRANUMBER:
      case OP_CREF:
+     case OP_RREF:
+     case OP_DEF:
      case OP_OPT:
      case OP_CALLOUT:
      case OP_SOD:
-Line 904 
 for (;;)
+Line 1104 
 for (;;)
      case OP_CHAR:
      case OP_CHARNC:
+     case OP_NOT:
      branchlength++;
      cc += 2;
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
-Line 937 
 for (;;)
+Line 1138 
 for (;;)
      case OP_PROP:
      case OP_NOTPROP:
-     cc++;
+     cc += 2;
      /* Fall through */
      case OP_NOT_DIGIT:
-Line 1018 
 Returns:      pointer to the opcode for
+Line 1219 
 Returns:      pointer to the opcode for
  static const uschar *
  find_bracket(const uschar *code, BOOL utf8, int number)
  {
- #ifndef SUPPORT_UTF8
- utf8 = utf8;               /* Stop pedantic compilers complaining */
- #endif
  for (;;)
    {
    register int c = *code;
    if (c == OP_END) return NULL;
-   else if (c > OP_BRA)
+   /* XCLASS is used for classes that cannot be represented just by a bit
+   map. This includes negated single high-valued characters. The length in
+   the table is zero; the actual length is stored in the compiled code. */
+   if (c == OP_XCLASS) code += GET(code, 1);
+   /* Handle capturing bracket */
+   else if (c == OP_CBRA)
      {
-     int n = c - OP_BRA;
+     int n = GET2(code, 1+LINK_SIZE);
-     if (n > EXTRACT_BASIC_MAX) n = GET2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE);
      if (n == number) return (uschar *)code;
-     code += _pcre_OP_lengths[OP_BRA];
+     code += _pcre_OP_lengths[c];
      }
+   /* In UTF-8 mode, opcodes that are followed by a character may be followed by
+   a multi-byte character. The length in the table is a minimum, so we have to
+   arrange to skip the extra bytes. */
    else
      {
      code += _pcre_OP_lengths[c];
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
-     /* In UTF-8 mode, opcodes that are followed by a character may be followed
-     by a multi-byte character. The length in the table is a minimum, so we have
-     to scan along to skip the extra bytes. All opcodes are less than 128, so we
-     can use relatively efficient code. */
      if (utf8) switch(c)
        {
        case OP_CHAR:
-Line 1051 
 for (;;)
+Line 1254 
 for (;;)
        case OP_EXACT:
        case OP_UPTO:
        case OP_MINUPTO:
+       case OP_POSUPTO:
        case OP_STAR:
        case OP_MINSTAR:
+       case OP_POSSTAR:
        case OP_PLUS:
        case OP_MINPLUS:
+       case OP_POSPLUS:
        case OP_QUERY:
        case OP_MINQUERY:
-       while ((*code & 0xc0) == 0x80) code++;
+       case OP_POSQUERY:
-       break;
+       if (code[-1] >= 0xc0) code += _pcre_utf8_table4[code[-1] & 0x3f];
-       /* XCLASS is used for classes that cannot be represented just by a bit
-       map. This includes negated single high-valued characters. The length in
-       the table is zero; the actual length is stored in the compiled code. */
-       case OP_XCLASS:
-       code += GET(code, 1) + 1;
        break;
        }
  #endif
-Line 1092 
 Returns:      pointer to the opcode for
+Line 1291 
 Returns:      pointer to the opcode for
  static const uschar *
  find_recurse(const uschar *code, BOOL utf8)
  {
- #ifndef SUPPORT_UTF8
- utf8 = utf8;               /* Stop pedantic compilers complaining */
- #endif
  for (;;)
    {
    register int c = *code;
    if (c == OP_END) return NULL;
-   else if (c == OP_RECURSE) return code;
+   if (c == OP_RECURSE) return code;
-   else if (c > OP_BRA)
-     {
+   /* XCLASS is used for classes that cannot be represented just by a bit
-     code += _pcre_OP_lengths[OP_BRA];
+   map. This includes negated single high-valued characters. The length in
-     }
+   the table is zero; the actual length is stored in the compiled code. */
+   if (c == OP_XCLASS) code += GET(code, 1);
+   /* Otherwise, we get the item's length from the table. In UTF-8 mode, opcodes
+   that are followed by a character may be followed by a multi-byte character.
+   The length in the table is a minimum, so we have to arrange to skip the extra
+   bytes. */
    else
      {
      code += _pcre_OP_lengths[c];
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
-     /* In UTF-8 mode, opcodes that are followed by a character may be followed
-     by a multi-byte character. The length in the table is a minimum, so we have
-     to scan along to skip the extra bytes. All opcodes are less than 128, so we
-     can use relatively efficient code. */
      if (utf8) switch(c)
        {
        case OP_CHAR:
-Line 1123 
 for (;;)
+Line 1319 
 for (;;)
        case OP_EXACT:
        case OP_UPTO:
        case OP_MINUPTO:
+       case OP_POSUPTO:
        case OP_STAR:
        case OP_MINSTAR:
+       case OP_POSSTAR:
        case OP_PLUS:
        case OP_MINPLUS:
+       case OP_POSPLUS:
        case OP_QUERY:
        case OP_MINQUERY:
-       while ((*code & 0xc0) == 0x80) code++;
+       case OP_POSQUERY:
-       break;
+       if (code[-1] >= 0xc0) code += _pcre_utf8_table4[code[-1] & 0x3f];
-       /* XCLASS is used for classes that cannot be represented just by a bit
-       map. This includes negated single high-valued characters. The length in
-       the table is zero; the actual length is stored in the compiled code. */
-       case OP_XCLASS:
-       code += GET(code, 1) + 1;
        break;
        }
  #endif
-Line 1152 
 for (;;)
+Line 1344 
 for (;;)
  *************************************************/
  /* This function scans through a branch of a compiled pattern to see whether it
- can match the empty string or not. It is called only from could_be_empty()
+ can match the empty string or not. It is called from could_be_empty()
- below. Note that first_significant_code() skips over assertions. If we hit an
+ below and from compile_branch() when checking for an unlimited repeat of a
- unclosed bracket, we return "empty" - this means we've struck an inner bracket
+ group that can match nothing. Note that first_significant_code() skips over
- whose current branch will already have been scanned.
+ assertions. If we hit an unclosed bracket, we return "empty" - this means we've
+ struck an inner bracket whose current branch will already have been scanned.
  Arguments:
    code        points to start of search
-Line 1169 
 static BOOL
+Line 1362 
 static BOOL
  could_be_empty_branch(const uschar *code, const uschar *endcode, BOOL utf8)
  {
  register int c;
- for (code = first_significant_code(code + 1 + LINK_SIZE, NULL, 0, TRUE);
+ for (code = first_significant_code(code + _pcre_OP_lengths[*code], NULL, 0, TRUE);
       code < endcode;
       code = first_significant_code(code + _pcre_OP_lengths[c], NULL, 0, TRUE))
    {
-Line 1177 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
+Line 1370 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
    c = *code;
-   if (c >= OP_BRA)
+   if (c == OP_BRA || c == OP_CBRA || c == OP_ONCE)
      {
      BOOL empty_branch;
      if (GET(code, 1) == 0) return TRUE;    /* Hit unclosed bracket */
-Line 1193 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
+Line 1386 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
        }
      while (*code == OP_ALT);
      if (!empty_branch) return FALSE;   /* All branches are non-empty */
-     code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
-     c = *code;
+     /* Move past the KET and fudge things so that the increment in the "for"
+     above has no effect. */
+     c = OP_END;
+     code += 1 + LINK_SIZE - _pcre_OP_lengths[c];
+     continue;
      }
-   else switch (c)
+   /* Handle the other opcodes */
+   switch (c)
      {
      /* Check for quantifiers after a class */
-Line 1253 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
+Line 1453 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
      case OP_NOT:
      case OP_PLUS:
      case OP_MINPLUS:
+     case OP_POSPLUS:
      case OP_EXACT:
      case OP_NOTPLUS:
      case OP_NOTMINPLUS:
+     case OP_NOTPOSPLUS:
      case OP_NOTEXACT:
      case OP_TYPEPLUS:
      case OP_TYPEMINPLUS:
+     case OP_TYPEPOSPLUS:
      case OP_TYPEEXACT:
      return FALSE;
-Line 1270 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
+Line 1473 
 for (code = first_significant_code(code
      case OP_ALT:
      return TRUE;
-     /* In UTF-8 mode, STAR, MINSTAR, QUERY, MINQUERY, UPTO, and MINUPTO  may be
+     /* In UTF-8 mode, STAR, MINSTAR, POSSTAR, QUERY, MINQUERY, POSQUERY, UPTO,
-     followed by a multibyte character */
+     MINUPTO, and POSUPTO may be followed by a multibyte character */
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
      case OP_STAR:
      case OP_MINSTAR:
+     case OP_POSSTAR:
      case OP_QUERY:
      case OP_MINQUERY:
+     case OP_POSQUERY:
      case OP_UPTO:
      case OP_MINUPTO:
+     case OP_POSUPTO:
      if (utf8) while ((code[2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) code++;
      break;
  #endif
-Line 1397 
 earlier groups that are outside the curr
+Line 1603 
 earlier groups that are outside the curr
  optional (i.e. the minimum quantifier is zero), OP_BRAZERO is inserted before
  it, after it has been compiled. This means that any OP_RECURSE items within it
  that refer to the group itself or any contained groups have to have their
- offsets adjusted. That is the job of this function. Before it is called, the
+ offsets adjusted. That one of the jobs of this function. Before it is called,
- partially compiled regex must be temporarily terminated with OP_END.
+ the partially compiled regex must be temporarily terminated with OP_END.
+ This function has been extended with the possibility of forward references for
+ recursions and subroutine calls. It must also check the list of such references
+ for the group we are dealing with. If it finds that one of the recursions in
+ the current group is on this list, it adjusts the offset in the list, not the
+ value in the reference (which is a group number).
  Arguments:
    group      points to the start of the group
    adjust     the amount by which the group is to be moved
    utf8       TRUE in UTF-8 mode
    cd         contains pointers to tables etc.
+   save_hwm   the hwm forward reference pointer at the start of the group
  Returns:     nothing
  */
  static void
- adjust_recurse(uschar *group, int adjust, BOOL utf8, compile_data *cd)
+ adjust_recurse(uschar *group, int adjust, BOOL utf8, compile_data *cd,
+   uschar *save_hwm)
  {
  uschar *ptr = group;
  while ((ptr = (uschar *)find_recurse(ptr, utf8)) != NULL)
    {
-   int offset = GET(ptr, 1);
+   int offset;
-   if (cd->start_code + offset >= group) PUT(ptr, 1, offset + adjust);
+   uschar *hc;
+   /* See if this recursion is on the forward reference list. If so, adjust the
+   reference. */
+   for (hc = save_hwm; hc < cd->hwm; hc += LINK_SIZE)
+     {
+     offset = GET(hc, 0);
+     if (cd->start_code + offset == ptr + 1)
+       {
+       PUT(hc, 0, offset + adjust);
+       break;
+       }
+     }
+   /* Otherwise, adjust the recursion offset if it's after the start of this
+   group. */
+   if (hc >= cd->hwm)
+     {
+     offset = GET(ptr, 1);
+     if (cd->start_code + offset >= group) PUT(ptr, 1, offset + adjust);
+     }
    ptr += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
    }
  }
-Line 1495 
 Yield:        TRUE when range returned;
+Line 1732 
 Yield:        TRUE when range returned;
  */
  static BOOL
- get_othercase_range(int *cptr, int d, int *ocptr, int *odptr)
+ get_othercase_range(unsigned int *cptr, unsigned int d, unsigned int *ocptr,
+   unsigned int *odptr)
  {
- int c, chartype, othercase, next;
+ unsigned int c, othercase, next;
  for (c = *cptr; c <= d; c++)
-   {
+   { if ((othercase = _pcre_ucp_othercase(c)) != NOTACHAR) break; }
-   if (_pcre_ucp_findchar(c, &chartype, &othercase) == ucp_L && othercase != 0)
-     break;
-   }
  if (c > d) return FALSE;
-Line 1512 
 next = othercase + 1;
+Line 1747 
 next = othercase + 1;
  for (++c; c <= d; c++)
    {
-   if (_pcre_ucp_findchar(c, &chartype, &othercase) != ucp_L ||
+   if (_pcre_ucp_othercase(c) != next) break;
-         othercase != next)
-     break;
    next++;
    }
-Line 1526 
 return TRUE;
+Line 1759 
 return TRUE;
  #endif  /* SUPPORT_UCP */
+ /*************************************************
+ *     Check if auto-possessifying is possible    *
+ *************************************************/
+ /* This function is called for unlimited repeats of certain items, to see
+ whether the next thing could possibly match the repeated item. If not, it makes
+ sense to automatically possessify the repeated item.
+ Arguments:
+   op_code       the repeated op code
+   this          data for this item, depends on the opcode
+   utf8          TRUE in UTF-8 mode
+   utf8_char     used for utf8 character bytes, NULL if not relevant
+   ptr           next character in pattern
+   options       options bits
+   cd            contains pointers to tables etc.
+ Returns:        TRUE if possessifying is wanted
+ */
+ static BOOL
+ check_auto_possessive(int op_code, int item, BOOL utf8, uschar *utf8_char,
+   const uschar *ptr, int options, compile_data *cd)
+ {
+ int next;
+ /* Skip whitespace and comments in extended mode */
+ if ((options & PCRE_EXTENDED) != 0)
+   {
+   for (;;)
+     {
+     while ((cd->ctypes[*ptr] & ctype_space) != 0) ptr++;
+     if (*ptr == '#')
+       {
+       while (*(++ptr) != 0)
+         if (IS_NEWLINE(ptr)) { ptr += cd->nllen; break; }
+       }
+     else break;
+     }
+   }
+ /* If the next item is one that we can handle, get its value. A non-negative
+ value is a character, a negative value is an escape value. */
+ if (*ptr == '\\')
+   {
+   int temperrorcode = 0;
+   next = check_escape(&ptr, &temperrorcode, cd->bracount, options, FALSE);
+   if (temperrorcode != 0) return FALSE;
+   ptr++;    /* Point after the escape sequence */
+   }
+ else if ((cd->ctypes[*ptr] & ctype_meta) == 0)
+   {
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+   if (utf8) { GETCHARINC(next, ptr); } else
+ #endif
+   next = *ptr++;
+   }
+ else return FALSE;
+ /* Skip whitespace and comments in extended mode */
+ if ((options & PCRE_EXTENDED) != 0)
+   {
+   for (;;)
+     {
+     while ((cd->ctypes[*ptr] & ctype_space) != 0) ptr++;
+     if (*ptr == '#')
+       {
+       while (*(++ptr) != 0)
+         if (IS_NEWLINE(ptr)) { ptr += cd->nllen; break; }
+       }
+     else break;
+     }
+   }
+ /* If the next thing is itself optional, we have to give up. */
+ if (*ptr == '*' || *ptr == '?' || strncmp((char *)ptr, "{0,", 3) == 0)
+   return FALSE;
+ /* Now compare the next item with the previous opcode. If the previous is a
+ positive single character match, "item" either contains the character or, if
+ "item" is greater than 127 in utf8 mode, the character's bytes are in
+ utf8_char. */
+ /* Handle cases when the next item is a character. */
+ if (next >= 0) switch(op_code)
+   {
+   case OP_CHAR:
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+   if (utf8 && item > 127) { GETCHAR(item, utf8_char); }
+ #endif
+   return item != next;
+   /* For CHARNC (caseless character) we must check the other case. If we have
+   Unicode property support, we can use it to test the other case of
+   high-valued characters. */
+   case OP_CHARNC:
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+   if (utf8 && item > 127) { GETCHAR(item, utf8_char); }
+ #endif
+   if (item == next) return FALSE;
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+   if (utf8)
+     {
+     unsigned int othercase;
+     if (next < 128) othercase = cd->fcc[next]; else
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UCP
+     othercase = _pcre_ucp_othercase((unsigned int)next);
+ #else
+     othercase = NOTACHAR;
+ #endif
+     return (unsigned int)item != othercase;
+     }
+   else
+ #endif  /* SUPPORT_UTF8 */
+   return (item != cd->fcc[next]);  /* Non-UTF-8 mode */
+   /* For OP_NOT, "item" must be a single-byte character. */
+   case OP_NOT:
+   if (next < 0) return FALSE;  /* Not a character */
+   if (item == next) return TRUE;
+   if ((options & PCRE_CASELESS) == 0) return FALSE;
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+   if (utf8)
+     {
+     unsigned int othercase;
+     if (next < 128) othercase = cd->fcc[next]; else
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UCP
+     othercase = _pcre_ucp_othercase(next);
+ #else
+     othercase = NOTACHAR;
+ #endif
+     return (unsigned int)item == othercase;
+     }
+   else
+ #endif  /* SUPPORT_UTF8 */
+   return (item == cd->fcc[next]);  /* Non-UTF-8 mode */
+   case OP_DIGIT:
+   return next > 127 || (cd->ctypes[next] & ctype_digit) == 0;
+   case OP_NOT_DIGIT:
+   return next <= 127 && (cd->ctypes[next] & ctype_digit) != 0;
+   case OP_WHITESPACE:
+   return next > 127 || (cd->ctypes[next] & ctype_space) == 0;
+   case OP_NOT_WHITESPACE:
+   return next <= 127 && (cd->ctypes[next] & ctype_space) != 0;
+   case OP_WORDCHAR:
+   return next > 127 || (cd->ctypes[next] & ctype_word) == 0;
+   case OP_NOT_WORDCHAR:
+   return next <= 127 && (cd->ctypes[next] & ctype_word) != 0;
+   default:
+   return FALSE;
+   }
+ /* Handle the case when the next item is \d, \s, etc. */
+ switch(op_code)
+   {
+   case OP_CHAR:
+   case OP_CHARNC:
+ #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+   if (utf8 && item > 127) { GETCHAR(item, utf8_char); }
+ #endif
+   switch(-next)
+     {
+     case ESC_d:
+     return item > 127 || (cd->ctypes[item] & ctype_digit) == 0;
+     case ESC_D:
+     return item <= 127 && (cd->ctypes[item] & ctype_digit) != 0;
+     case ESC_s:
+     return item > 127 || (cd->ctypes[item] & ctype_space) == 0;
+     case ESC_S:
+     return item <= 127 && (cd->ctypes[item] & ctype_space) != 0;
+     case ESC_w:
+     return item > 127 || (cd->ctypes[item] & ctype_word) == 0;
+     case ESC_W:
+     return item <= 127 && (cd->ctypes[item] & ctype_word) != 0;
+     default:
+     return FALSE;
+     }
+   case OP_DIGIT:
+   return next == -ESC_D || next == -ESC_s || next == -ESC_W;
+   case OP_NOT_DIGIT:
+   return next == -ESC_d;
+   case OP_WHITESPACE:
+   return next == -ESC_S || next == -ESC_d || next == -ESC_w;
+   case OP_NOT_WHITESPACE:
+   return next == -ESC_s;
+   case OP_WORDCHAR:
+   return next == -ESC_W || next == -ESC_s;
+   case OP_NOT_WORDCHAR:
+   return next == -ESC_w || next == -ESC_d;
+   default:
+   return FALSE;
+   }
+ /* Control does not reach here */
+ }
  /*************************************************
  *           Compile one branch                   *
  *************************************************/
- /* Scan the pattern, compiling it into the code vector. If the options are
+ /* Scan the pattern, compiling it into the a vector. If the options are
  changed during the branch, the pointer is used to change the external options
- bits.
+ bits. This function is used during the pre-compile phase when we are trying
+ to find out the amount of memory needed, as well as during the real compile
+ phase. The value of lengthptr distinguishes the two phases.
  Arguments:
    optionsptr     pointer to the option bits
-   brackets       points to number of extracting brackets used
    codeptr        points to the pointer to the current code point
    ptrptr         points to the current pattern pointer
    errorcodeptr   points to error code variable
-Line 1544 
 Arguments:
+Line 2009 
 Arguments:
    reqbyteptr     set to the last literal character required, else < 0
    bcptr          points to current branch chain
    cd             contains pointers to tables etc.
+   lengthptr      NULL during the real compile phase
+                  points to length accumulator during pre-compile phase
  Returns:         TRUE on success
                   FALSE, with *errorcodeptr set non-zero on error
  */
  static BOOL
- compile_branch(int *optionsptr, int *brackets, uschar **codeptr,
+ compile_branch(int *optionsptr, uschar **codeptr, const uschar **ptrptr,
-   const uschar **ptrptr, int *errorcodeptr, int *firstbyteptr,
+   int *errorcodeptr, int *firstbyteptr, int *reqbyteptr, branch_chain *bcptr,
-   int *reqbyteptr, branch_chain *bcptr, compile_data *cd)
+   compile_data *cd, int *lengthptr)
  {
  int repeat_type, op_type;
  int repeat_min = 0, repeat_max = 0;      /* To please picky compilers */
-Line 1561 
 int greedy_default, greedy_non_default;
+Line 2028 
 int greedy_default, greedy_non_default;
  int firstbyte, reqbyte;
  int zeroreqbyte, zerofirstbyte;
  int req_caseopt, reqvary, tempreqvary;
- int condcount = 0;
  int options = *optionsptr;
  int after_manual_callout = 0;
+ int length_prevgroup = 0;
  register int c;
  register uschar *code = *codeptr;
+ uschar *last_code = code;
+ uschar *orig_code = code;
  uschar *tempcode;
  BOOL inescq = FALSE;
  BOOL groupsetfirstbyte = FALSE;
-Line 1573 
 const uschar *ptr = *ptrptr;
+Line 2042 
 const uschar *ptr = *ptrptr;
  const uschar *tempptr;
  uschar *previous = NULL;
  uschar *previous_callout = NULL;
+ uschar *save_hwm = NULL;
  uschar classbits[32];
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
-Line 1582 
 uschar *class_utf8data;
+Line 2052 
 uschar *class_utf8data;
  uschar utf8_char[6];
  #else
  BOOL utf8 = FALSE;
+ uschar *utf8_char = NULL;
  #endif
- /* Set up the default and non-default settings for greediness */
+ #ifdef DEBUG
+ if (lengthptr != NULL) DPRINTF((">> start branch\n"));
+ #endif
+ /* Set up the default and non-default settings for greediness */
  greedy_default = ((options & PCRE_UNGREEDY) != 0);
  greedy_non_default = greedy_default ^ 1;
-Line 1615 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2090 
 for (;; ptr++)
    BOOL negate_class;
    BOOL possessive_quantifier;
    BOOL is_quantifier;
+   BOOL is_recurse;
    int class_charcount;
    int class_lastchar;
    int newoptions;
-Line 1622 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2098 
 for (;; ptr++)
    int skipbytes;
    int subreqbyte;
    int subfirstbyte;
+   int terminator;
    int mclength;
    uschar mcbuffer[8];
-   /* Next byte in the pattern */
+   /* Get next byte in the pattern */
    c = *ptr;
+   /* If we are in the pre-compile phase, accumulate the length used for the
+   previous cycle of this loop. */
+   if (lengthptr != NULL)
+     {
+ #ifdef DEBUG
+     if (code > cd->hwm) cd->hwm = code;                 /* High water info */
+ #endif
+     if (code > cd->start_workspace + COMPILE_WORK_SIZE) /* Check for overrun */
+       {
+       *errorcodeptr = ERR52;
+       goto FAILED;
+       }
+     /* There is at least one situation where code goes backwards: this is the
+     case of a zero quantifier after a class (e.g. [ab]{0}). At compile time,
+     the class is simply eliminated. However, it is created first, so we have to
+     allow memory for it. Therefore, don't ever reduce the length at this point.
+     */
+     if (code < last_code) code = last_code;
+     *lengthptr += code - last_code;
+     DPRINTF(("length=%d added %d c=%c\n", *lengthptr, code - last_code, c));
+     /* If "previous" is set and it is not at the start of the work space, move
+     it back to there, in order to avoid filling up the work space. Otherwise,
+     if "previous" is NULL, reset the current code pointer to the start. */
+     if (previous != NULL)
+       {
+       if (previous > orig_code)
+         {
+         memmove(orig_code, previous, code - previous);
+         code -= previous - orig_code;
+         previous = orig_code;
+         }
+       }
+     else code = orig_code;
+     /* Remember where this code item starts so we can pick up the length
+     next time round. */
+     last_code = code;
+     }
+   /* In the real compile phase, just check the workspace used by the forward
+   reference list. */
+   else if (cd->hwm > cd->start_workspace + COMPILE_WORK_SIZE)
+     {
+     *errorcodeptr = ERR52;
+     goto FAILED;
+     }
    /* If in \Q...\E, check for the end; if not, we have a literal */
    if (inescq && c != 0)
-Line 1643 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2174 
 for (;; ptr++)
        {
        if (previous_callout != NULL)
          {
-         complete_callout(previous_callout, ptr, cd);
+         if (lengthptr == NULL)  /* Don't attempt in pre-compile phase */
+           complete_callout(previous_callout, ptr, cd);
          previous_callout = NULL;
          }
        if ((options & PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT) != 0)
-Line 1664 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2196 
 for (;; ptr++)
    if (!is_quantifier && previous_callout != NULL &&
         after_manual_callout-- <= 0)
      {
-     complete_callout(previous_callout, ptr, cd);
+     if (lengthptr == NULL)      /* Don't attempt in pre-compile phase */
+       complete_callout(previous_callout, ptr, cd);
      previous_callout = NULL;
      }
-Line 1675 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2208 
 for (;; ptr++)
      if ((cd->ctypes[c] & ctype_space) != 0) continue;
      if (c == '#')
        {
-       /* The space before the ; is to avoid a warning on a silly compiler
+       while (*(++ptr) != 0)
-       on the Macintosh. */
+         {
-       while ((c = *(++ptr)) != 0 && c != NEWLINE) ;
+         if (IS_NEWLINE(ptr)) { ptr += cd->nllen - 1; break; }
-       if (c != 0) continue;   /* Else fall through to handle end of string */
+         }
+       if (*ptr != 0) continue;
+       /* Else fall through to handle end of string */
+       c = 0;
        }
      }
-Line 1692 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2229 
 for (;; ptr++)
    switch(c)
      {
-     /* The branch terminates at end of string, |, or ). */
+     /* ===================================================================*/
+     case 0:                        /* The branch terminates at string end */
-     case 0:
+     case '|':                      /* or | or ) */
-     case '|':
      case ')':
      *firstbyteptr = firstbyte;
      *reqbyteptr = reqbyte;
      *codeptr = code;
      *ptrptr = ptr;
+     if (lengthptr != NULL)
+       {
+       *lengthptr += code - last_code;   /* To include callout length */
+       DPRINTF((">> end branch\n"));
+       }
      return TRUE;
+     /* ===================================================================*/
      /* Handle single-character metacharacters. In multiline mode, ^ disables
      the setting of any following char as a first character. */
-Line 1731 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2274 
 for (;; ptr++)
      *code++ = OP_ANY;
      break;
-     /* Character classes. If the included characters are all < 255 in value, we
-     build a 32-byte bitmap of the permitted characters, except in the special
+     /* ===================================================================*/
-     case where there is only one such character. For negated classes, we build
+     /* Character classes. If the included characters are all < 256, we build a
-     the map as usual, then invert it at the end. However, we use a different
+-byte bitmap of the permitted characters, except in the special case
-     opcode so that data characters > 255 can be handled correctly.
+     where there is only one such character. For negated classes, we build the
+     map as usual, then invert it at the end. However, we use a different opcode
+     so that data characters > 255 can be handled correctly.
      If the class contains characters outside the 0-255 range, a different
      opcode is compiled. It may optionally have a bit map for characters < 256,
-Line 1769 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2314 
 for (;; ptr++)
        }
      /* Keep a count of chars with values < 256 so that we can optimize the case
-     of just a single character (as long as it's < 256). For higher valued UTF-8
+     of just a single character (as long as it's < 256). However, For higher
-     characters, we don't yet do any optimization. */
+     valued UTF-8 characters, we don't yet do any optimization. */
      class_charcount = 0;
      class_lastchar = -1;
+     /* Initialize the 32-char bit map to all zeros. We build the map in a
+     temporary bit of memory, in case the class contains only 1 character (less
+     than 256), because in that case the compiled code doesn't use the bit map.
+     */
+     memset(classbits, 0, 32 * sizeof(uschar));
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
      class_utf8 = FALSE;                       /* No chars >= 256 */
-     class_utf8data = code + LINK_SIZE + 34;   /* For UTF-8 items */
+     class_utf8data = code + LINK_SIZE + 2;    /* For UTF-8 items */
  #endif
-     /* Initialize the 32-char bit map to all zeros. We have to build the
-     map in a temporary bit of store, in case the class contains only 1
-     character (< 256), because in that case the compiled code doesn't use the
-     bit map. */
-     memset(classbits, 0, 32 * sizeof(uschar));
      /* Process characters until ] is reached. By writing this as a "do" it
-     means that an initial ] is taken as a data character. The first pass
+     means that an initial ] is taken as a data character. At the start of the
-     through the regex checked the overall syntax, so we don't need to be very
+     loop, c contains the first byte of the character. */
-     strict here. At the start of the loop, c contains the first byte of the
-     character. */
-     do
+     if (c != 0) do
        {
+       const uschar *oldptr;
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
        if (utf8 && c > 127)
          {                           /* Braces are required because the */
-Line 1806 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2351 
 for (;; ptr++)
        if (inescq)
          {
-         if (c == '\\' && ptr[1] == 'E')
+         if (c == '\\' && ptr[1] == 'E')     /* If we are at \E */
            {
-           inescq = FALSE;
+           inescq = FALSE;                   /* Reset literal state */
-           ptr++;
+           ptr++;                            /* Skip the 'E' */
-           continue;
+           continue;                         /* Carry on with next */
            }
-         else goto LONE_SINGLE_CHARACTER;
+         goto CHECK_RANGE;                   /* Could be range if \E follows */
          }
        /* Handle POSIX class names. Perl allows a negation extension of the
-Line 1826 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2371 
 for (;; ptr++)
            check_posix_syntax(ptr, &tempptr, cd))
          {
          BOOL local_negate = FALSE;
-         int posix_class, i;
+         int posix_class, taboffset, tabopt;
          register const uschar *cbits = cd->cbits;
+         uschar pbits[32];
          if (ptr[1] != ':')
            {
-Line 1856 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2402 
 for (;; ptr++)
          if ((options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0 && posix_class <= 2)
            posix_class = 0;
-         /* Or into the map we are building up to 3 of the static class
+         /* We build the bit map for the POSIX class in a chunk of local store
-         tables, or their negations. The [:blank:] class sets up the same
+         because we may be adding and subtracting from it, and we don't want to
-         chars as the [:space:] class (all white space). We remove the vertical
+         subtract bits that may be in the main map already. At the end we or the
-         white space chars afterwards. */
+         result into the bit map that is being built. */
          posix_class *= 3;
-         for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+         /* Copy in the first table (always present) */
+         memcpy(pbits, cbits + posix_class_maps[posix_class],
+* sizeof(uschar));
+         /* If there is a second table, add or remove it as required. */
+         taboffset = posix_class_maps[posix_class + 1];
+         tabopt = posix_class_maps[posix_class + 2];
+         if (taboffset >= 0)
            {
-           BOOL blankclass = strncmp((char *)ptr, "blank", 5) == 0;
+           if (tabopt >= 0)
-           int taboffset = posix_class_maps[posix_class + i];
+             for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) pbits[c] |= cbits[c + taboffset];
-           if (taboffset < 0) break;
-           if (local_negate)
-             {
-             if (i == 0)
-               for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) classbits[c] |= ~cbits[c+taboffset];
-             else
-               for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) classbits[c] &= ~cbits[c+taboffset];
-             if (blankclass) classbits[1] |= 0x3c;
-             }
            else
-             {
+             for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) pbits[c] &= ~cbits[c + taboffset];
-             for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) classbits[c] |= cbits[c+taboffset];
-             if (blankclass) classbits[1] &= ~0x3c;
-             }
            }
+         /* Not see if we need to remove any special characters. An option
+         value of 1 removes vertical space and 2 removes underscore. */
+         if (tabopt < 0) tabopt = -tabopt;
+         if (tabopt == 1) pbits[1] &= ~0x3c;
+           else if (tabopt == 2) pbits[11] &= 0x7f;
+         /* Add the POSIX table or its complement into the main table that is
+         being built and we are done. */
+         if (local_negate)
+           for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) classbits[c] |= ~pbits[c];
+         else
+           for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) classbits[c] |= pbits[c];
          ptr = tempptr + 1;
          class_charcount = 10;  /* Set > 1; assumes more than 1 per class */
          continue;    /* End of POSIX syntax handling */
          }
        /* Backslash may introduce a single character, or it may introduce one
-       of the specials, which just set a flag. Escaped items are checked for
+       of the specials, which just set a flag. The sequence \b is a special
-       validity in the pre-compiling pass. The sequence \b is a special case.
+       case. Inside a class (and only there) it is treated as backspace.
-       Inside a class (and only there) it is treated as backspace. Elsewhere
+       Elsewhere it marks a word boundary. Other escapes have preset maps ready
-       it marks a word boundary. Other escapes have preset maps ready to
+       to or into the one we are building. We assume they have more than one
-       or into the one we are building. We assume they have more than one
        character in them, so set class_charcount bigger than one. */
        if (c == '\\')
          {
-         c = check_escape(&ptr, errorcodeptr, *brackets, options, TRUE);
+         c = check_escape(&ptr, errorcodeptr, cd->bracount, options, TRUE);
+         if (*errorcodeptr != 0) goto FAILED;
          if (-c == ESC_b) c = '\b';       /* \b is backslash in a class */
          else if (-c == ESC_X) c = 'X';   /* \X is literal X in a class */
+         else if (-c == ESC_R) c = 'R';   /* \R is literal R in a class */
          else if (-c == ESC_Q)            /* Handle start of quoted string */
            {
            if (ptr[1] == '\\' && ptr[2] == 'E')
-Line 1915 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2476 
 for (;; ptr++)
            {
            register const uschar *cbits = cd->cbits;
            class_charcount += 2;     /* Greater than 1 is what matters */
-           switch (-c)
+           /* Save time by not doing this in the pre-compile phase. */
+           if (lengthptr == NULL) switch (-c)
              {
              case ESC_d:
              for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) classbits[c] |= cbits[c+cbit_digit];
-Line 1943 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2507 
 for (;; ptr++)
              classbits[1] |= 0x08;    /* Perl 5.004 onwards omits VT from \s */
              continue;
+             case ESC_E: /* Perl ignores an orphan \E */
+             continue;
+             default:    /* Not recognized; fall through */
+             break;      /* Need "default" setting to stop compiler warning. */
+             }
+           /* In the pre-compile phase, just do the recognition. */
+           else if (c == -ESC_d || c == -ESC_D || c == -ESC_w ||
+                    c == -ESC_W || c == -ESC_s || c == -ESC_S) continue;
+           /* We need to deal with \P and \p in both phases. */
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UCP
-             case ESC_p:
+           if (-c == ESC_p || -c == ESC_P)
-             case ESC_P:
+             {
-               {
+             BOOL negated;
-               BOOL negated;
+             int pdata;
-               int property = get_ucp(&ptr, &negated, errorcodeptr);
+             int ptype = get_ucp(&ptr, &negated, &pdata, errorcodeptr);
-               if (property < 0) goto FAILED;
+             if (ptype < 0) goto FAILED;
-               class_utf8 = TRUE;
+             class_utf8 = TRUE;
-               *class_utf8data++ = ((-c == ESC_p) != negated)?
+             *class_utf8data++ = ((-c == ESC_p) != negated)?
-                 XCL_PROP : XCL_NOTPROP;
+               XCL_PROP : XCL_NOTPROP;
-               *class_utf8data++ = property;
+             *class_utf8data++ = ptype;
-               class_charcount -= 2;   /* Not a < 256 character */
+             *class_utf8data++ = pdata;
-               }
+             class_charcount -= 2;   /* Not a < 256 character */
              continue;
+             }
  #endif
+           /* Unrecognized escapes are faulted if PCRE is running in its
+           strict mode. By default, for compatibility with Perl, they are
+           treated as literals. */
-             /* Unrecognized escapes are faulted if PCRE is running in its
+           if ((options & PCRE_EXTRA) != 0)
-             strict mode. By default, for compatibility with Perl, they are
+             {
-             treated as literals. */
+             *errorcodeptr = ERR7;
+             goto FAILED;
-             default:
-             if ((options & PCRE_EXTRA) != 0)
-               {
-               *errorcodeptr = ERR7;
-               goto FAILED;
-               }
-             c = *ptr;              /* The final character */
-             class_charcount -= 2;  /* Undo the default count from above */
              }
+           class_charcount -= 2;  /* Undo the default count from above */
+           c = *ptr;              /* Get the final character and fall through */
            }
          /* Fall through if we have a single character (c >= 0). This may be
-         > 256 in UTF-8 mode. */
+         greater than 256 in UTF-8 mode. */
          }   /* End of backslash handling */
        /* A single character may be followed by '-' to form a range. However,
        Perl does not permit ']' to be the end of the range. A '-' character
-       here is treated as a literal. */
+       at the end is treated as a literal. Perl ignores orphaned \E sequences
+       entirely. The code for handling \Q and \E is messy. */
+       CHECK_RANGE:
+       while (ptr[1] == '\\' && ptr[2] == 'E')
+         {
+         inescq = FALSE;
+         ptr += 2;
+         }
-       if (ptr[1] == '-' && ptr[2] != ']')
+       oldptr = ptr;
+       if (!inescq && ptr[1] == '-')
          {
          int d;
          ptr += 2;
+         while (*ptr == '\\' && ptr[1] == 'E') ptr += 2;
+         /* If we hit \Q (not followed by \E) at this point, go into escaped
+         mode. */
+         while (*ptr == '\\' && ptr[1] == 'Q')
+           {
+           ptr += 2;
+           if (*ptr == '\\' && ptr[1] == 'E') { ptr += 2; continue; }
+           inescq = TRUE;
+           break;
+           }
+         if (*ptr == 0 || (!inescq && *ptr == ']'))
+           {
+           ptr = oldptr;
+           goto LONE_SINGLE_CHARACTER;
+           }
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
          if (utf8)
-Line 2001 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2606 
 for (;; ptr++)
          not any of the other escapes. Perl 5.6 treats a hyphen as a literal
          in such circumstances. */
-         if (d == '\\')
+         if (!inescq && d == '\\')
            {
-           const uschar *oldptr = ptr;
+           d = check_escape(&ptr, errorcodeptr, cd->bracount, options, TRUE);
-           d = check_escape(&ptr, errorcodeptr, *brackets, options, TRUE);
+           if (*errorcodeptr != 0) goto FAILED;
-           /* \b is backslash; \X is literal X; any other special means the '-'
+           /* \b is backslash; \X is literal X; \R is literal R; any other
-           was literal */
+           special means the '-' was literal */
            if (d < 0)
              {
              if (d == -ESC_b) d = '\b';
-             else if (d == -ESC_X) d = 'X'; else
+             else if (d == -ESC_X) d = 'X';
+             else if (d == -ESC_R) d = 'R'; else
                {
-               ptr = oldptr - 2;
+               ptr = oldptr;
                goto LONE_SINGLE_CHARACTER;  /* A few lines below */
                }
              }
            }
-         /* The check that the two values are in the correct order happens in
+         /* Check that the two values are in the correct order. Optimize
-         the pre-pass. Optimize one-character ranges */
+         one-character ranges */
+         if (d < c)
+           {
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR8;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
          if (d == c) goto LONE_SINGLE_CHARACTER;  /* A few lines below */
-Line 2042 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2654 
 for (;; ptr++)
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UCP
            if ((options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0)
              {
-             int occ, ocd;
+             unsigned int occ, ocd;
-             int cc = c;
+             unsigned int cc = c;
-             int origd = d;
+             unsigned int origd = d;
              while (get_othercase_range(&cc, origd, &occ, &ocd))
                {
                if (occ >= c && ocd <= d) continue;  /* Skip embedded ranges */
-Line 2102 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2714 
 for (;; ptr++)
          ranges that lie entirely within 0-127 when there is UCP support; else
          for partial ranges without UCP support. */
-         for (; c <= d; c++)
+         class_charcount += d - c + 1;
+         class_lastchar = d;
+         /* We can save a bit of time by skipping this in the pre-compile. */
+         if (lengthptr == NULL) for (; c <= d; c++)
            {
            classbits[c/8] |= (1 << (c&7));
            if ((options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0)
-Line 2110 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2727 
 for (;; ptr++)
              int uc = cd->fcc[c];           /* flip case */
              classbits[uc/8] |= (1 << (uc&7));
              }
-           class_charcount++;                /* in case a one-char range */
-           class_lastchar = c;
            }
          continue;   /* Go get the next char in the class */
-Line 2135 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2750 
 for (;; ptr++)
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UCP
          if ((options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0)
            {
-           int chartype;
+           unsigned int othercase;
-           int othercase;
+           if ((othercase = _pcre_ucp_othercase(c)) != NOTACHAR)
-           if (_pcre_ucp_findchar(c, &chartype, &othercase) >= 0 &&
-                othercase > 0)
              {
              *class_utf8data++ = XCL_SINGLE;
              class_utf8data += _pcre_ord2utf8(othercase, class_utf8data);
-Line 2163 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2776 
 for (;; ptr++)
          }
        }
-     /* Loop until ']' reached; the check for end of string happens inside the
+     /* Loop until ']' reached. This "while" is the end of the "do" above. */
-     loop. This "while" is the end of the "do" above. */
+     while ((c = *(++ptr)) != 0 && (c != ']' || inescq));
-     while ((c = *(++ptr)) != ']' || inescq);
+     if (c == 0)                          /* Missing terminating ']' */
+       {
+       *errorcodeptr = ERR6;
+       goto FAILED;
+       }
      /* If class_charcount is 1, we saw precisely one character whose value is
      less than 256. In non-UTF-8 mode we can always optimize. In UTF-8 mode, we
-Line 2230 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2848 
 for (;; ptr++)
      /* If there are characters with values > 255, we have to compile an
      extended class, with its own opcode. If there are no characters < 256,
-     we can omit the bitmap. */
+     we can omit the bitmap in the actual compiled code. */
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
      if (class_utf8)
-Line 2240 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2858 
 for (;; ptr++)
        code += LINK_SIZE;
        *code = negate_class? XCL_NOT : 0;
-       /* If the map is required, install it, and move on to the end of
+       /* If the map is required, move up the extra data to make room for it;
-       the extra data */
+       otherwise just move the code pointer to the end of the extra data. */
        if (class_charcount > 0)
          {
          *code++ |= XCL_MAP;
+         memmove(code + 32, code, class_utf8data - code);
          memcpy(code, classbits, 32);
-         code = class_utf8data;
+         code = class_utf8data + 32;
-         }
-       /* If the map is not required, slide down the extra data. */
-       else
-         {
-         int len = class_utf8data - (code + 33);
-         memmove(code + 1, code + 33, len);
-         code += len + 1;
          }
+       else code = class_utf8data;
        /* Now fill in the complete length of the item */
-Line 2274 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2885 
 for (;; ptr++)
      if (negate_class)
        {
        *code++ = OP_NCLASS;
-       for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) code[c] = ~classbits[c];
+       if (lengthptr == NULL)    /* Save time in the pre-compile phase */
+         for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) code[c] = ~classbits[c];
        }
      else
        {
-Line 2284 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2896 
 for (;; ptr++)
      code += 32;
      break;
+     /* ===================================================================*/
      /* Various kinds of repeat; '{' is not necessarily a quantifier, but this
      has been tested above. */
-Line 2351 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2965 
 for (;; ptr++)
        }
      else repeat_type = greedy_default;
-     /* If previous was a recursion, we need to wrap it inside brackets so that
-     it can be replicated if necessary. */
-     if (*previous == OP_RECURSE)
-       {
-       memmove(previous + 1 + LINK_SIZE, previous, 1 + LINK_SIZE);
-       code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
-       *previous = OP_BRA;
-       PUT(previous, 1, code - previous);
-       *code = OP_KET;
-       PUT(code, 1, code - previous);
-       code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
-       }
      /* If previous was a character match, abolish the item and generate a
      repeat item instead. If a char item has a minumum of more than one, ensure
      that it is set in reqbyte - it might not be if a sequence such as x{3} is
-Line 2398 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 2998 
 for (;; ptr++)
          if (repeat_min > 1) reqbyte = c | req_caseopt | cd->req_varyopt;
          }
+       /* If the repetition is unlimited, it pays to see if the next thing on
+       the line is something that cannot possibly match this character. If so,
+       automatically possessifying this item gains some performance in the case
+       where the match fails. */
+       if (!possessive_quantifier &&
+           repeat_max < 0 &&
+           check_auto_possessive(*previous, c, utf8, utf8_char, ptr + 1,
+             options, cd))
+         {
+         repeat_type = 0;    /* Force greedy */
+         possessive_quantifier = TRUE;
+         }
        goto OUTPUT_SINGLE_REPEAT;   /* Code shared with single character types */
        }
      /* If previous was a single negated character ([^a] or similar), we use
      one of the special opcodes, replacing it. The code is shared with single-
      character repeats by setting opt_type to add a suitable offset into
-     repeat_type. OP_NOT is currently used only for single-byte chars. */
+     repeat_type. We can also test for auto-possessification. OP_NOT is
+     currently used only for single-byte chars. */
      else if (*previous == OP_NOT)
        {
        op_type = OP_NOTSTAR - OP_STAR;  /* Use "not" opcodes */
        c = previous[1];
+       if (!possessive_quantifier &&
+           repeat_max < 0 &&
+           check_auto_possessive(OP_NOT, c, utf8, NULL, ptr + 1, options, cd))
+         {
+         repeat_type = 0;    /* Force greedy */
+         possessive_quantifier = TRUE;
+         }
        goto OUTPUT_SINGLE_REPEAT;
        }
-Line 2423 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3045 
 for (;; ptr++)
      else if (*previous < OP_EODN)
        {
        uschar *oldcode;
-       int prop_type;
+       int prop_type, prop_value;
        op_type = OP_TYPESTAR - OP_STAR;  /* Use type opcodes */
        c = *previous;
+       if (!possessive_quantifier &&
+           repeat_max < 0 &&
+           check_auto_possessive(c, 0, utf8, NULL, ptr + 1, options, cd))
+         {
+         repeat_type = 0;    /* Force greedy */
+         possessive_quantifier = TRUE;
+         }
        OUTPUT_SINGLE_REPEAT:
-       prop_type = (*previous == OP_PROP || *previous == OP_NOTPROP)?
+       if (*previous == OP_PROP || *previous == OP_NOTPROP)
-         previous[1] : -1;
+         {
+         prop_type = previous[1];
+         prop_value = previous[2];
+         }
+       else prop_type = prop_value = -1;
        oldcode = code;
        code = previous;                  /* Usually overwrite previous item */
-Line 2463 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3097 
 for (;; ptr++)
          }
        /* A repeat minimum of 1 is optimized into some special cases. If the
-       maximum is unlimited, we use OP_PLUS. Otherwise, the original item it
+       maximum is unlimited, we use OP_PLUS. Otherwise, the original item is
        left in place and, if the maximum is greater than 1, we use OP_UPTO with
        one less than the maximum. */
-Line 2490 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3124 
 for (;; ptr++)
          /* If the maximum is unlimited, insert an OP_STAR. Before doing so,
          we have to insert the character for the previous code. For a repeated
-         Unicode property match, there is an extra byte that defines the
+         Unicode property match, there are two extra bytes that define the
          required property. In UTF-8 mode, long characters have their length in
          c, with the 0x80 bit as a flag. */
-Line 2506 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3140 
 for (;; ptr++)
  #endif
              {
              *code++ = c;
-             if (prop_type >= 0) *code++ = prop_type;
+             if (prop_type >= 0)
+               {
+               *code++ = prop_type;
+               *code++ = prop_value;
+               }
              }
            *code++ = OP_STAR + repeat_type;
            }
          /* Else insert an UPTO if the max is greater than the min, again
-         preceded by the character, for the previously inserted code. */
+         preceded by the character, for the previously inserted code. If the
+         UPTO is just for 1 instance, we can use QUERY instead. */
          else if (repeat_max != repeat_min)
            {
-Line 2525 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3164 
 for (;; ptr++)
            else
  #endif
            *code++ = c;
-           if (prop_type >= 0) *code++ = prop_type;
+           if (prop_type >= 0)
+             {
+             *code++ = prop_type;
+             *code++ = prop_value;
+             }
            repeat_max -= repeat_min;
-           *code++ = OP_UPTO + repeat_type;
-           PUT2INC(code, 0, repeat_max);
+           if (repeat_max == 1)
+             {
+             *code++ = OP_QUERY + repeat_type;
+             }
+           else
+             {
+             *code++ = OP_UPTO + repeat_type;
+             PUT2INC(code, 0, repeat_max);
+             }
            }
          }
-Line 2544 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3195 
 for (;; ptr++)
  #endif
        *code++ = c;
-       /* For a repeated Unicode property match, there is an extra byte that
+       /* For a repeated Unicode property match, there are two extra bytes that
-       defines the required property. */
+       define the required property. */
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UCP
-       if (prop_type >= 0) *code++ = prop_type;
+       if (prop_type >= 0)
+         {
+         *code++ = prop_type;
+         *code++ = prop_value;
+         }
  #endif
        }
-Line 2591 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3246 
 for (;; ptr++)
      /* If previous was a bracket group, we may have to replicate it in certain
      cases. */
-     else if (*previous >= OP_BRA || *previous == OP_ONCE ||
+     else if (*previous == OP_BRA  || *previous == OP_CBRA ||
-              *previous == OP_COND)
+              *previous == OP_ONCE || *previous == OP_COND)
        {
        register int i;
        int ketoffset = 0;
        int len = code - previous;
        uschar *bralink = NULL;
+       /* Repeating a DEFINE group is pointless */
+       if (*previous == OP_COND && previous[LINK_SIZE+1] == OP_DEF)
+         {
+         *errorcodeptr = ERR55;
+         goto FAILED;
+         }
+       /* This is a paranoid check to stop integer overflow later on */
+       if (len > MAX_DUPLENGTH)
+         {
+         *errorcodeptr = ERR50;
+         goto FAILED;
+         }
        /* If the maximum repeat count is unlimited, find the end of the bracket
        by scanning through from the start, and compute the offset back to it
        from the current code pointer. There may be an OP_OPT setting following
-Line 2633 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3304 
 for (;; ptr++)
          /* If the maximum is 1 or unlimited, we just have to stick in the
          BRAZERO and do no more at this point. However, we do need to adjust
          any OP_RECURSE calls inside the group that refer to the group itself or
-         any internal group, because the offset is from the start of the whole
+         any internal or forward referenced group, because the offset is from
-         regex. Temporarily terminate the pattern while doing this. */
+         the start of the whole regex. Temporarily terminate the pattern while
+         doing this. */
          if (repeat_max <= 1)
            {
            *code = OP_END;
-           adjust_recurse(previous, 1, utf8, cd);
+           adjust_recurse(previous, 1, utf8, cd, save_hwm);
            memmove(previous+1, previous, len);
            code++;
            *previous++ = OP_BRAZERO + repeat_type;
-Line 2657 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3329 
 for (;; ptr++)
            {
            int offset;
            *code = OP_END;
-           adjust_recurse(previous, 2 + LINK_SIZE, utf8, cd);
+           adjust_recurse(previous, 2 + LINK_SIZE, utf8, cd, save_hwm);
            memmove(previous + 2 + LINK_SIZE, previous, len);
            code += 2 + LINK_SIZE;
            *previous++ = OP_BRAZERO + repeat_type;
-Line 2677 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3349 
 for (;; ptr++)
        /* If the minimum is greater than zero, replicate the group as many
        times as necessary, and adjust the maximum to the number of subsequent
        copies that we need. If we set a first char from the group, and didn't
-       set a required char, copy the latter from the former. */
+       set a required char, copy the latter from the former. If there are any
+       forward reference subroutine calls in the group, there will be entries on
+       the workspace list; replicate these with an appropriate increment. */
        else
          {
          if (repeat_min > 1)
            {
-           if (groupsetfirstbyte && reqbyte < 0) reqbyte = firstbyte;
+           /* In the pre-compile phase, we don't actually do the replication. We
-           for (i = 1; i < repeat_min; i++)
+           just adjust the length as if we had. */
+           if (lengthptr != NULL)
+             *lengthptr += (repeat_min - 1)*length_prevgroup;
+           /* This is compiling for real */
+           else
              {
-             memcpy(code, previous, len);
+             if (groupsetfirstbyte && reqbyte < 0) reqbyte = firstbyte;
-             code += len;
+             for (i = 1; i < repeat_min; i++)
+               {
+               uschar *hc;
+               uschar *this_hwm = cd->hwm;
+               memcpy(code, previous, len);
+               for (hc = save_hwm; hc < this_hwm; hc += LINK_SIZE)
+                 {
+                 PUT(cd->hwm, 0, GET(hc, 0) + len);
+                 cd->hwm += LINK_SIZE;
+                 }
+               save_hwm = this_hwm;
+               code += len;
+               }
              }
            }
          if (repeat_max > 0) repeat_max -= repeat_min;
          }
-Line 2697 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3391 
 for (;; ptr++)
        the maximum is limited, it replicates the group in a nested fashion,
        remembering the bracket starts on a stack. In the case of a zero minimum,
        the first one was set up above. In all cases the repeat_max now specifies
-       the number of additional copies needed. */
+       the number of additional copies needed. Again, we must remember to
+       replicate entries on the forward reference list. */
        if (repeat_max >= 0)
          {
-         for (i = repeat_max - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+         /* In the pre-compile phase, we don't actually do the replication. We
+         just adjust the length as if we had. For each repetition we must add 1
+         to the length for BRAZERO and for all but the last repetition we must
+         add 2 + 2*LINKSIZE to allow for the nesting that occurs. */
+         if (lengthptr != NULL && repeat_max > 0)
+           *lengthptr += repeat_max * (length_prevgroup + 1 + 2 + 2*LINK_SIZE) -
+- 2*LINK_SIZE;  /* Last one doesn't nest */
+         /* This is compiling for real */
+         else for (i = repeat_max - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
+           uschar *hc;
+           uschar *this_hwm = cd->hwm;
            *code++ = OP_BRAZERO + repeat_type;
            /* All but the final copy start a new nesting, maintaining the
-Line 2718 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3427 
 for (;; ptr++)
              }
            memcpy(code, previous, len);
+           for (hc = save_hwm; hc < this_hwm; hc += LINK_SIZE)
+             {
+             PUT(cd->hwm, 0, GET(hc, 0) + len + ((i != 0)? 2+LINK_SIZE : 1));
+             cd->hwm += LINK_SIZE;
+             }
+           save_hwm = this_hwm;
            code += len;
            }
-Line 2740 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3455 
 for (;; ptr++)
        /* If the maximum is unlimited, set a repeater in the final copy. We
        can't just offset backwards from the current code point, because we
        don't know if there's been an options resetting after the ket. The
-       correct offset was computed above. */
+       correct offset was computed above.
+       Then, when we are doing the actual compile phase, check to see whether
+       this group is a non-atomic one that could match an empty string. If so,
+       convert the initial operator to the S form (e.g. OP_BRA -> OP_SBRA) so
+       that runtime checking can be done. [This check is also applied to
+       atomic groups at runtime, but in a different way.] */
-       else code[-ketoffset] = OP_KETRMAX + repeat_type;
+       else
+         {
+         uschar *ketcode = code - ketoffset;
+         uschar *bracode = ketcode - GET(ketcode, 1);
+         *ketcode = OP_KETRMAX + repeat_type;
+         if (lengthptr == NULL && *bracode != OP_ONCE)
+           {
+           uschar *scode = bracode;
+           do
+             {
+             if (could_be_empty_branch(scode, ketcode, utf8))
+               {
+               *bracode += OP_SBRA - OP_BRA;
+               break;
+               }
+             scode += GET(scode, 1);
+             }
+           while (*scode == OP_ALT);
+           }
+         }
        }
      /* Else there's some kind of shambles */
-Line 2753 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3493 
 for (;; ptr++)
        goto FAILED;
        }
-     /* If the character following a repeat is '+', we wrap the entire repeated
+     /* If the character following a repeat is '+', or if certain optimization
-     item inside OP_ONCE brackets. This is just syntactic sugar, taken from
+     tests above succeeded, possessive_quantifier is TRUE. For some of the
-     Sun's Java package. The repeated item starts at tempcode, not at previous,
+     simpler opcodes, there is an special alternative opcode for this. For
-     which might be the first part of a string whose (former) last char we
+     anything else, we wrap the entire repeated item inside OP_ONCE brackets.
-     repeated. However, we don't support '+' after a greediness '?'. */
+     The '+' notation is just syntactic sugar, taken from Sun's Java package,
+     but the special opcodes can optimize it a bit. The repeated item starts at
+     tempcode, not at previous, which might be the first part of a string whose
+     (former) last char we repeated.
+     Possessifying an 'exact' quantifier has no effect, so we can ignore it. But
+     an 'upto' may follow. We skip over an 'exact' item, and then test the
+     length of what remains before proceeding. */
      if (possessive_quantifier)
        {
-       int len = code - tempcode;
+       int len;
-       memmove(tempcode + 1+LINK_SIZE, tempcode, len);
+       if (*tempcode == OP_EXACT || *tempcode == OP_TYPEEXACT ||
-       code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
+           *tempcode == OP_NOTEXACT)
-       len += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
+         tempcode += _pcre_OP_lengths[*tempcode];
-       tempcode[0] = OP_ONCE;
+       len = code - tempcode;
-       *code++ = OP_KET;
+       if (len > 0) switch (*tempcode)
-       PUTINC(code, 0, len);
+         {
-       PUT(tempcode, 1, len);
+         case OP_STAR:  *tempcode = OP_POSSTAR; break;
+         case OP_PLUS:  *tempcode = OP_POSPLUS; break;
+         case OP_QUERY: *tempcode = OP_POSQUERY; break;
+         case OP_UPTO:  *tempcode = OP_POSUPTO; break;
+         case OP_TYPESTAR:  *tempcode = OP_TYPEPOSSTAR; break;
+         case OP_TYPEPLUS:  *tempcode = OP_TYPEPOSPLUS; break;
+         case OP_TYPEQUERY: *tempcode = OP_TYPEPOSQUERY; break;
+         case OP_TYPEUPTO:  *tempcode = OP_TYPEPOSUPTO; break;
+         case OP_NOTSTAR:  *tempcode = OP_NOTPOSSTAR; break;
+         case OP_NOTPLUS:  *tempcode = OP_NOTPOSPLUS; break;
+         case OP_NOTQUERY: *tempcode = OP_NOTPOSQUERY; break;
+         case OP_NOTUPTO:  *tempcode = OP_NOTPOSUPTO; break;
+         default:
+         memmove(tempcode + 1+LINK_SIZE, tempcode, len);
+         code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
+         len += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
+         tempcode[0] = OP_ONCE;
+         *code++ = OP_KET;
+         PUTINC(code, 0, len);
+         PUT(tempcode, 1, len);
+         break;
+         }
        }
      /* In all case we no longer have a previous item. We also set the
-Line 2781 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 3552 
 for (;; ptr++)
      break;
-     /* Start of nested bracket sub-expression, or comment or lookahead or
+     /* ===================================================================*/
-     lookbehind or option setting or condition. First deal with special things
+     /* Start of nested parenthesized sub-expression, or comment or lookahead or
-     that can come after a bracket; all are introduced by ?, and the appearance
+     lookbehind or option setting or condition or all the other extended
-     of any of them means that this is not a referencing group. They were
+     parenthesis forms. First deal with the specials; all are introduced by ?,
-     checked for validity in the first pass over the string, so we don't have to
+     and the appearance of any of them means that this is not a capturing
-     check for syntax errors here.  */
+     group. */
      case '(':
      newoptions = options;
      skipbytes = 0;
+     bravalue = OP_CBRA;
+     save_hwm = cd->hwm;
      if (*(++ptr) == '?')
        {
-       int set, unset;
+       int i, set, unset, namelen;
        int *optset;
+       const uschar *name;
+       uschar *slot;
        switch (*(++ptr))
          {
          case '#':                 /* Comment; skip to ket */
          ptr++;
-         while (*ptr != ')') ptr++;
+         while (*ptr != 0 && *ptr != ')') ptr++;
+         if (*ptr == 0)
+           {
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR18;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
          continue;
-         case ':':                 /* Non-extracting bracket */
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case ':':                 /* Non-capturing bracket */
          bravalue = OP_BRA;
          ptr++;
          break;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
          case '(':
          bravalue = OP_COND;       /* Conditional group */
-         /* Condition to test for recursion */
+         /* A condition can be an assertion, a number (referring to a numbered
+         group), a name (referring to a named group), or 'R', referring to
+         recursion. R<digits> and R&name are also permitted for recursion tests.
+         There are several syntaxes for testing a named group: (?(name)) is used
+         by Python; Perl 5.10 onwards uses (?(<name>) or (?('name')).
+         There are two unfortunate ambiguities, caused by history. (a) 'R' can
+         be the recursive thing or the name 'R' (and similarly for 'R' followed
+         by digits), and (b) a number could be a name that consists of digits.
+         In both cases, we look for a name first; if not found, we try the other
+         cases. */
+         /* For conditions that are assertions, check the syntax, and then exit
+         the switch. This will take control down to where bracketed groups,
+         including assertions, are processed. */
-         if (ptr[1] == 'R')
+         if (ptr[1] == '?' && (ptr[2] == '=' || ptr[2] == '!' || ptr[2] == '<'))
+           break;
+         /* Most other conditions use OP_CREF (a couple change to OP_RREF
+         below), and all need to skip 3 bytes at the start of the group. */
+         code[1+LINK_SIZE] = OP_CREF;
+         skipbytes = 3;
+         /* Check for a test for recursion in a named group. */
+         if (ptr[1] == 'R' && ptr[2] == '&')
            {
-           code[1+LINK_SIZE] = OP_CREF;
+           terminator = -1;
-           PUT2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE, CREF_RECURSE);
+           ptr += 2;
-           skipbytes = 3;
+           code[1+LINK_SIZE] = OP_RREF;    /* Change the type of test */
-           ptr += 3;
            }
-         /* Condition to test for a numbered subpattern match. We know that
+         /* Check for a test for a named group's having been set, using the Perl
-         if a digit follows ( then there will just be digits until ) because
+         syntax (?(<name>) or (?('name') */
-         the syntax was checked in the first pass. */
-         else if ((digitab[ptr[1]] && ctype_digit) != 0)
+         else if (ptr[1] == '<')
            {
-           int condref;                 /* Don't amalgamate; some compilers */
+           terminator = '>';
-           condref = *(++ptr) - '0';    /* grumble at autoincrement in declaration */
-           while (*(++ptr) != ')') condref = condref*10 + *ptr - '0';
-           if (condref == 0)
-             {
-             *errorcodeptr = ERR35;
-             goto FAILED;
-             }
            ptr++;
-           code[1+LINK_SIZE] = OP_CREF;
-           PUT2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE, condref);
-           skipbytes = 3;
            }
-         /* For conditions that are assertions, we just fall through, having
+         else if (ptr[1] == '\'')
-         set bravalue above. */
+           {
-         break;
+           terminator = '\'';
+           ptr++;
-         case '=':                 /* Positive lookahead */
+           }
-         bravalue = OP_ASSERT;
+         else terminator = 0;
-         ptr++;
-         break;
-         case '!':                 /* Negative lookahead */
+         /* We now expect to read a name; any thing else is an error */
-         bravalue = OP_ASSERT_NOT;
-         ptr++;
-         break;
-         case '<':                 /* Lookbehinds */
+         if ((cd->ctypes[ptr[1]] & ctype_word) == 0)
-         switch (*(++ptr))
            {
-           case '=':               /* Positive lookbehind */
+           ptr += 1;  /* To get the right offset */
-           bravalue = OP_ASSERTBACK;
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR28;
-           ptr++;
+           goto FAILED;
-           break;
+           }
-           case '!':               /* Negative lookbehind */
+         /* Read the name, but also get it as a number if it's all digits */
-           bravalue = OP_ASSERTBACK_NOT;
+         recno = 0;
+         name = ++ptr;
+         while ((cd->ctypes[*ptr] & ctype_word) != 0)
+           {
+           if (recno >= 0)
+             recno = ((digitab[*ptr] & ctype_digit) != 0)?
+               recno * 10 + *ptr - '0' : -1;
            ptr++;
-           break;
            }
-         break;
+         namelen = ptr - name;
-         case '>':                 /* One-time brackets */
+         if ((terminator > 0 && *ptr++ != terminator) || *ptr++ != ')')
-         bravalue = OP_ONCE;
+           {
-         ptr++;
+           ptr--;      /* Error offset */
-         break;
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR26;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
-         case 'C':                 /* Callout - may be followed by digits; */
+         /* Do no further checking in the pre-compile phase. */
-         previous_callout = code;  /* Save for later completion */
-         after_manual_callout = 1; /* Skip one item before completing */
+         if (lengthptr != NULL) break;
-         *code++ = OP_CALLOUT;     /* Already checked that the terminating */
-           {                       /* closing parenthesis is present. */
+         /* In the real compile we do the work of looking for the actual
-           int n = 0;
+         reference. */
-           while ((digitab[*(++ptr)] & ctype_digit) != 0)
-             n = n * 10 + *ptr - '0';
+         slot = cd->name_table;
-           if (n > 255)
+         for (i = 0; i < cd->names_found; i++)
-             {
+           {
-             *errorcodeptr = ERR38;
+           if (strncmp((char *)name, (char *)slot+2, namelen) == 0) break;
-             goto FAILED;
+           slot += cd->name_entry_size;
-             }
-           *code++ = n;
-           PUT(code, 0, ptr - cd->start_pattern + 1);  /* Pattern offset */
-           PUT(code, LINK_SIZE, 0);                    /* Default length */
-           code += 2 * LINK_SIZE;
            }
-         previous = NULL;
-         continue;
-         case 'P':                 /* Named subpattern handling */
+         /* Found a previous named subpattern */
-         if (*(++ptr) == '<')      /* Definition */
+         if (i < cd->names_found)
            {
-           int i, namelen;
+           recno = GET2(slot, 0);
-           uschar *slot = cd->name_table;
+           PUT2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE, recno);
-           const uschar *name;     /* Don't amalgamate; some compilers */
+           }
-           name = ++ptr;           /* grumble at autoincrement in declaration */
-           while (*ptr++ != '>');
+         /* Search the pattern for a forward reference */
-           namelen = ptr - name - 1;
-           for (i = 0; i < cd->names_found; i++)
+         else if ((i = find_parens(ptr, cd->bracount, name, namelen,
+                         (options & PCRE_EXTENDED) != 0)) > 0)
+           {
+           PUT2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE, i);
+           }
+         /* If terminator == 0 it means that the name followed directly after
+         the opening parenthesis [e.g. (?(abc)...] and in this case there are
+         some further alternatives to try. For the cases where terminator != 0
+         [things like (?(<name>... or (?('name')... or (?(R&name)... ] we have
+         now checked all the possibilities, so give an error. */
+         else if (terminator != 0)
+           {
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR15;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
+         /* Check for (?(R) for recursion. Allow digits after R to specify a
+         specific group number. */
+         else if (*name == 'R')
+           {
+           recno = 0;
+           for (i = 1; i < namelen; i++)
+             {
+             if ((digitab[name[i]] & ctype_digit) == 0)
+               {
+               *errorcodeptr = ERR15;
+               goto FAILED;
+               }
+             recno = recno * 10 + name[i] - '0';
+             }
+           if (recno == 0) recno = RREF_ANY;
+           code[1+LINK_SIZE] = OP_RREF;      /* Change test type */
+           PUT2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE, recno);
+           }
+         /* Similarly, check for the (?(DEFINE) "condition", which is always
+         false. */
+         else if (namelen == 6 && strncmp((char *)name, "DEFINE", 6) == 0)
+           {
+           code[1+LINK_SIZE] = OP_DEF;
+           skipbytes = 1;
+           }
+         /* Check for the "name" actually being a subpattern number. */
+         else if (recno > 0)
+           {
+           PUT2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE, recno);
+           }
+         /* Either an unidentified subpattern, or a reference to (?(0) */
+         else
+           {
+           *errorcodeptr = (recno == 0)? ERR35: ERR15;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
+         break;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case '=':                 /* Positive lookahead */
+         bravalue = OP_ASSERT;
+         ptr++;
+         break;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case '!':                 /* Negative lookahead */
+         bravalue = OP_ASSERT_NOT;
+         ptr++;
+         break;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case '<':                 /* Lookbehind or named define */
+         switch (ptr[1])
+           {
+           case '=':               /* Positive lookbehind */
+           bravalue = OP_ASSERTBACK;
+           ptr += 2;
+           break;
+           case '!':               /* Negative lookbehind */
+           bravalue = OP_ASSERTBACK_NOT;
+           ptr += 2;
+           break;
+           default:                /* Could be name define, else bad */
+           if ((cd->ctypes[ptr[1]] & ctype_word) != 0) goto DEFINE_NAME;
+           ptr++;                  /* Correct offset for error */
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR24;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
+         break;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case '>':                 /* One-time brackets */
+         bravalue = OP_ONCE;
+         ptr++;
+         break;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case 'C':                 /* Callout - may be followed by digits; */
+         previous_callout = code;  /* Save for later completion */
+         after_manual_callout = 1; /* Skip one item before completing */
+         *code++ = OP_CALLOUT;
+           {
+           int n = 0;
+           while ((digitab[*(++ptr)] & ctype_digit) != 0)
+             n = n * 10 + *ptr - '0';
+           if (*ptr != ')')
+             {
+             *errorcodeptr = ERR39;
+             goto FAILED;
+             }
+           if (n > 255)
+             {
+             *errorcodeptr = ERR38;
+             goto FAILED;
+             }
+           *code++ = n;
+           PUT(code, 0, ptr - cd->start_pattern + 1);  /* Pattern offset */
+           PUT(code, LINK_SIZE, 0);                    /* Default length */
+           code += 2 * LINK_SIZE;
+           }
+         previous = NULL;
+         continue;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case 'P':                 /* Python-style named subpattern handling */
+         if (*(++ptr) == '=' || *ptr == '>')  /* Reference or recursion */
+           {
+           is_recurse = *ptr == '>';
+           terminator = ')';
+           goto NAMED_REF_OR_RECURSE;
+           }
+         else if (*ptr != '<')    /* Test for Python-style definition */
+           {
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR41;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
+         /* Fall through to handle (?P< as (?< is handled */
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         DEFINE_NAME:    /* Come here from (?< handling */
+         case '\'':
+           {
+           terminator = (*ptr == '<')? '>' : '\'';
+           name = ++ptr;
+           while ((cd->ctypes[*ptr] & ctype_word) != 0) ptr++;
+           namelen = ptr - name;
+           /* In the pre-compile phase, just do a syntax check. */
+           if (lengthptr != NULL)
              {
-             int crc = memcmp(name, slot+2, namelen);
+             if (*ptr != terminator)
-             if (crc == 0)
                {
-               if (slot[2+namelen] == 0)
+               *errorcodeptr = ERR42;
+               goto FAILED;
+               }
+             if (cd->names_found >= MAX_NAME_COUNT)
+               {
+               *errorcodeptr = ERR49;
+               goto FAILED;
+               }
+             if (namelen + 3 > cd->name_entry_size)
+               {
+               cd->name_entry_size = namelen + 3;
+               if (namelen > MAX_NAME_SIZE)
                  {
-                 *errorcodeptr = ERR43;
+                 *errorcodeptr = ERR48;
                  goto FAILED;
                  }
-               crc = -1;             /* Current name is substring */
                }
-             if (crc < 0)
+             }
+           /* In the real compile, create the entry in the table */
+           else
+             {
+             slot = cd->name_table;
+             for (i = 0; i < cd->names_found; i++)
                {
-               memmove(slot + cd->name_entry_size, slot,
+               int crc = memcmp(name, slot+2, namelen);
-                 (cd->names_found - i) * cd->name_entry_size);
+               if (crc == 0)
-               break;
+                 {
+                 if (slot[2+namelen] == 0)
+                   {
+                   if ((options & PCRE_DUPNAMES) == 0)
+                     {
+                     *errorcodeptr = ERR43;
+                     goto FAILED;
+                     }
+                   }
+                 else crc = -1;      /* Current name is substring */
+                 }
+               if (crc < 0)
+                 {
+                 memmove(slot + cd->name_entry_size, slot,
+                   (cd->names_found - i) * cd->name_entry_size);
+                 break;
+                 }
+               slot += cd->name_entry_size;
                }
-             slot += cd->name_entry_size;
-             }
-           PUT2(slot, 0, *brackets + 1);
+             PUT2(slot, 0, cd->bracount + 1);
-           memcpy(slot + 2, name, namelen);
+             memcpy(slot + 2, name, namelen);
-           slot[2+namelen] = 0;
+             slot[2+namelen] = 0;
-           cd->names_found++;
+             }
-           goto NUMBERED_GROUP;
            }
-         if (*ptr == '=' || *ptr == '>')  /* Reference or recursion */
+         /* In both cases, count the number of names we've encountered. */
+         ptr++;                    /* Move past > or ' */
+         cd->names_found++;
+         goto NUMBERED_GROUP;
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case '&':                 /* Perl recursion/subroutine syntax */
+         terminator = ')';
+         is_recurse = TRUE;
+         /* Fall through */
+         /* We come here from the Python syntax above that handles both
+         references (?P=name) and recursion (?P>name), as well as falling
+         through from the Perl recursion syntax (?&name). */
+         NAMED_REF_OR_RECURSE:
+         name = ++ptr;
+         while ((cd->ctypes[*ptr] & ctype_word) != 0) ptr++;
+         namelen = ptr - name;
+         /* In the pre-compile phase, do a syntax check and set a dummy
+         reference number. */
+         if (lengthptr != NULL)
            {
-           int i, namelen;
+           if (*ptr != terminator)
-           int type = *ptr++;
+             {
-           const uschar *name = ptr;
+             *errorcodeptr = ERR42;
-           uschar *slot = cd->name_table;
+             goto FAILED;
+             }
+           if (namelen > MAX_NAME_SIZE)
+             {
+             *errorcodeptr = ERR48;
+             goto FAILED;
+             }
+           recno = 0;
+           }
-           while (*ptr != ')') ptr++;
+         /* In the real compile, seek the name in the table */
-           namelen = ptr - name;
+         else
+           {
+           slot = cd->name_table;
            for (i = 0; i < cd->names_found; i++)
              {
              if (strncmp((char *)name, (char *)slot+2, namelen) == 0) break;
              slot += cd->name_entry_size;
              }
-           if (i >= cd->names_found)
+           if (i < cd->names_found)         /* Back reference */
+             {
+             recno = GET2(slot, 0);
+             }
+           else if ((recno =                /* Forward back reference */
+                     find_parens(ptr, cd->bracount, name, namelen,
+                       (options & PCRE_EXTENDED) != 0)) <= 0)
              {
              *errorcodeptr = ERR15;
              goto FAILED;
              }
+           }
-           recno = GET2(slot, 0);
+         /* In both phases, we can now go to the code than handles numerical
+         recursion or backreferences. */
-           if (type == '>') goto HANDLE_RECURSION;  /* A few lines below */
-           /* Back reference */
-           previous = code;
+         if (is_recurse) goto HANDLE_RECURSION;
-           *code++ = OP_REF;
+           else goto HANDLE_REFERENCE;
-           PUT2INC(code, 0, recno);
-           cd->backref_map |= (recno < 32)? (1 << recno) : 1;
-           if (recno > cd->top_backref) cd->top_backref = recno;
-           continue;
-           }
-         /* Should never happen */
-         break;
-         case 'R':                 /* Pattern recursion */
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         case 'R':                 /* Recursion */
          ptr++;                    /* Same as (?0)      */
          /* Fall through */
-         /* Recursion or "subroutine" call */
-         case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
-         case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+         case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':   /* Recursion or */
+         case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':   /* subroutine */
            {
            const uschar *called;
            recno = 0;
            while((digitab[*ptr] & ctype_digit) != 0)
              recno = recno * 10 + *ptr++ - '0';
+           if (*ptr != ')')
+             {
+             *errorcodeptr = ERR29;
+             goto FAILED;
+             }
            /* Come here from code above that handles a named recursion */
            HANDLE_RECURSION:
            previous = code;
+           called = cd->start_code;
-           /* Find the bracket that is being referenced. Temporarily end the
+           /* When we are actually compiling, find the bracket that is being
-           regex in case it doesn't exist. */
+           referenced. Temporarily end the regex in case it doesn't exist before
+           this point. If we end up with a forward reference, first check that
-           *code = OP_END;
+           the bracket does occur later so we can give the error (and position)
-           called = (recno == 0)?
+           now. Then remember this forward reference in the workspace so it can
-             cd->start_code : find_bracket(cd->start_code, utf8, recno);
+           be filled in at the end. */
-           if (called == NULL)
+           if (lengthptr == NULL)
              {
-             *errorcodeptr = ERR15;
+             *code = OP_END;
-             goto FAILED;
+             if (recno != 0) called = find_bracket(cd->start_code, utf8, recno);
-             }
-           /* If the subpattern is still open, this is a recursive call. We
+             /* Forward reference */
-           check to see if this is a left recursion that could loop for ever,
-           and diagnose that case. */
-           if (GET(called, 1) == 0 && could_be_empty(called, code, bcptr, utf8))
+             if (called == NULL)
-             {
+               {
-             *errorcodeptr = ERR40;
+               if (find_parens(ptr, cd->bracount, NULL, recno,
-             goto FAILED;
+                    (options & PCRE_EXTENDED) != 0) < 0)
+                 {
+                 *errorcodeptr = ERR15;
+                 goto FAILED;
+                 }
+               called = cd->start_code + recno;
+               PUTINC(cd->hwm, 0, code + 2 + LINK_SIZE - cd->start_code);
+               }
+             /* If not a forward reference, and the subpattern is still open,
+             this is a recursive call. We check to see if this is a left
+             recursion that could loop for ever, and diagnose that case. */
+             else if (GET(called, 1) == 0 &&
+                      could_be_empty(called, code, bcptr, utf8))
+               {
+               *errorcodeptr = ERR40;
+               goto FAILED;
+               }
              }
-           /* Insert the recursion/subroutine item */
+           /* Insert the recursion/subroutine item, automatically wrapped inside
+           "once" brackets. Set up a "previous group" length so that a
+           subsequent quantifier will work. */
+           *code = OP_ONCE;
+           PUT(code, 1, 2 + 2*LINK_SIZE);
+           code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
            *code = OP_RECURSE;
            PUT(code, 1, called - cd->start_code);
            code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
+           *code = OP_KET;
+           PUT(code, 1, 2 + 2*LINK_SIZE);
+           code += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
+           length_prevgroup = 3 + 3*LINK_SIZE;
            }
+         /* Can't determine a first byte now */
+         if (firstbyte == REQ_UNSET) firstbyte = REQ_NONE;
          continue;
-         /* Character after (? not specially recognized */
-         default:                  /* Option setting */
+         /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+         default:              /* Other characters: check option setting */
          set = unset = 0;
          optset = &set;
-Line 3036 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4093 
 for (;; ptr++)
              {
              case '-': optset = &unset; break;
+             case 'J':    /* Record that it changed in the external options */
+             *optset |= PCRE_DUPNAMES;
+             cd->external_options |= PCRE_JCHANGED;
+             break;
              case 'i': *optset |= PCRE_CASELESS; break;
              case 'm': *optset |= PCRE_MULTILINE; break;
              case 's': *optset |= PCRE_DOTALL; break;
              case 'x': *optset |= PCRE_EXTENDED; break;
              case 'U': *optset |= PCRE_UNGREEDY; break;
              case 'X': *optset |= PCRE_EXTRA; break;
+             default:  *errorcodeptr = ERR12;
+                       ptr--;    /* Correct the offset */
+                       goto FAILED;
              }
            }
-Line 3050 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4116 
 for (;; ptr++)
          newoptions = (options | set) & (~unset);
          /* If the options ended with ')' this is not the start of a nested
-         group with option changes, so the options change at this level. Compile
+         group with option changes, so the options change at this level. If this
-         code to change the ims options if this setting actually changes any of
+         item is right at the start of the pattern, the options can be
-         them. We also pass the new setting back so that it can be put at the
+         abstracted and made external in the pre-compile phase, and ignored in
-         start of any following branches, and when this group ends (if we are in
+         the compile phase. This can be helpful when matching -- for instance in
-         a group), a resetting item can be compiled.
+         caseless checking of required bytes.
-         Note that if this item is right at the start of the pattern, the
+         If the code pointer is not (cd->start_code + 1 + LINK_SIZE), we are
-         options will have been abstracted and made global, so there will be no
+         definitely *not* at the start of the pattern because something has been
-         change to compile. */
+         compiled. In the pre-compile phase, however, the code pointer can have
+         that value after the start, because it gets reset as code is discarded
+         during the pre-compile. However, this can happen only at top level - if
+         we are within parentheses, the starting BRA will still be present. At
+         any parenthesis level, the length value can be used to test if anything
+         has been compiled at that level. Thus, a test for both these conditions
+         is necessary to ensure we correctly detect the start of the pattern in
+         both phases.
+         If we are not at the pattern start, compile code to change the ims
+         options if this setting actually changes any of them. We also pass the
+         new setting back so that it can be put at the start of any following
+         branches, and when this group ends (if we are in a group), a resetting
+         item can be compiled. */
          if (*ptr == ')')
            {
-           if ((options & PCRE_IMS) != (newoptions & PCRE_IMS))
+           if (code == cd->start_code + 1 + LINK_SIZE &&
+                (lengthptr == NULL || *lengthptr == 2 + 2*LINK_SIZE))
              {
-             *code++ = OP_OPT;
+             cd->external_options = newoptions;
-             *code++ = newoptions & PCRE_IMS;
+             options = newoptions;
              }
+          else
+             {
+             if ((options & PCRE_IMS) != (newoptions & PCRE_IMS))
+               {
+               *code++ = OP_OPT;
+               *code++ = newoptions & PCRE_IMS;
+               }
-           /* Change options at this level, and pass them back for use
+             /* Change options at this level, and pass them back for use
-           in subsequent branches. Reset the greedy defaults and the case
+             in subsequent branches. Reset the greedy defaults and the case
-           value for firstbyte and reqbyte. */
+             value for firstbyte and reqbyte. */
-           *optionsptr = options = newoptions;
+             *optionsptr = options = newoptions;
-           greedy_default = ((newoptions & PCRE_UNGREEDY) != 0);
+             greedy_default = ((newoptions & PCRE_UNGREEDY) != 0);
-           greedy_non_default = greedy_default ^ 1;
+             greedy_non_default = greedy_default ^ 1;
-           req_caseopt = ((options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0)? REQ_CASELESS : 0;
+             req_caseopt = ((options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0)? REQ_CASELESS : 0;
+             }
            previous = NULL;       /* This item can't be repeated */
            continue;              /* It is complete */
-Line 3088 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4176 
 for (;; ptr++)
          bravalue = OP_BRA;
          ptr++;
-         }
+         }     /* End of switch for character following (? */
-       }
+       }       /* End of (? handling */
-     /* If PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE is set, all unadorned brackets become
+     /* Opening parenthesis not followed by '?'. If PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE is set,
-     non-capturing and behave like (?:...) brackets */
+     all unadorned brackets become non-capturing and behave like (?:...)
+     brackets. */
      else if ((options & PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE) != 0)
        {
        bravalue = OP_BRA;
        }
-     /* Else we have a referencing group; adjust the opcode. If the bracket
+     /* Else we have a capturing group. */
-     number is greater than EXTRACT_BASIC_MAX, we set the opcode one higher, and
-     arrange for the true number to follow later, in an OP_BRANUMBER item. */
      else
        {
        NUMBERED_GROUP:
-       if (++(*brackets) > EXTRACT_BASIC_MAX)
+       cd->bracount += 1;
-         {
+       PUT2(code, 1+LINK_SIZE, cd->bracount);
-         bravalue = OP_BRA + EXTRACT_BASIC_MAX + 1;
+       skipbytes = 2;
-         code[1+LINK_SIZE] = OP_BRANUMBER;
-         PUT2(code, 2+LINK_SIZE, *brackets);
-         skipbytes = 3;
-         }
-       else bravalue = OP_BRA + *brackets;
        }
-     /* Process nested bracketed re. Assertions may not be repeated, but other
+     /* Process nested bracketed regex. Assertions may not be repeated, but
-     kinds can be. We copy code into a non-register variable in order to be able
+     other kinds can be. All their opcodes are >= OP_ONCE. We copy code into a
-     to pass its address because some compilers complain otherwise. Pass in a
+     non-register variable in order to be able to pass its address because some
-     new setting for the ims options if they have changed. */
+     compilers complain otherwise. Pass in a new setting for the ims options if
+     they have changed. */
      previous = (bravalue >= OP_ONCE)? code : NULL;
      *code = bravalue;
      tempcode = code;
      tempreqvary = cd->req_varyopt;     /* Save value before bracket */
+     length_prevgroup = 0;              /* Initialize for pre-compile phase */
      if (!compile_regex(
           newoptions,                   /* The complete new option state */
           options & PCRE_IMS,           /* The previous ims option state */
-          brackets,                     /* Extracting bracket count */
           &tempcode,                    /* Where to put code (updated) */
           &ptr,                         /* Input pointer (updated) */
           errorcodeptr,                 /* Where to put an error message */
           (bravalue == OP_ASSERTBACK ||
            bravalue == OP_ASSERTBACK_NOT), /* TRUE if back assert */
-          skipbytes,                    /* Skip over OP_COND/OP_BRANUMBER */
+          skipbytes,                    /* Skip over bracket number */
           &subfirstbyte,                /* For possible first char */
           &subreqbyte,                  /* For possible last char */
           bcptr,                        /* Current branch chain */
-          cd))                          /* Tables block */
+          cd,                           /* Tables block */
+          (lengthptr == NULL)? NULL :   /* Actual compile phase */
+            &length_prevgroup           /* Pre-compile phase */
+          ))
        goto FAILED;
      /* At the end of compiling, code is still pointing to the start of the
-Line 3148 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4234 
 for (;; ptr++)
      is on the bracket. */
      /* If this is a conditional bracket, check that there are no more than
-     two branches in the group. */
+     two branches in the group, or just one if it's a DEFINE group. */
-     else if (bravalue == OP_COND)
+     if (bravalue == OP_COND)
        {
        uschar *tc = code;
-       condcount = 0;
+       int condcount = 0;
        do {
           condcount++;
-Line 3161 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4247 
 for (;; ptr++)
           }
        while (*tc != OP_KET);
-       if (condcount > 2)
+       /* A DEFINE group is never obeyed inline (the "condition" is always
+       false). It must have only one branch. */
+       if (code[LINK_SIZE+1] == OP_DEF)
          {
-         *errorcodeptr = ERR27;
+         if (condcount > 1)
-         goto FAILED;
+           {
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR54;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
+         bravalue = OP_DEF;   /* Just a flag to suppress char handling below */
+         }
+       /* A "normal" conditional group. If there is just one branch, we must not
+       make use of its firstbyte or reqbyte, because this is equivalent to an
+       empty second branch. */
+       else
+         {
+         if (condcount > 2)
+           {
+           *errorcodeptr = ERR27;
+           goto FAILED;
+           }
+         if (condcount == 1) subfirstbyte = subreqbyte = REQ_NONE;
          }
+       }
-       /* If there is just one branch, we must not make use of its firstbyte or
+     /* Error if hit end of pattern */
-       reqbyte, because this is equivalent to an empty second branch. */
+     if (*ptr != ')')
+       {
+       *errorcodeptr = ERR14;
+       goto FAILED;
+       }
-       if (condcount == 1) subfirstbyte = subreqbyte = REQ_NONE;
+     /* In the pre-compile phase, update the length by the length of the nested
+     group, less the brackets at either end. Then reduce the compiled code to
+     just the brackets so that it doesn't use much memory if it is duplicated by
+     a quantifier. */
+     if (lengthptr != NULL)
+       {
+       *lengthptr += length_prevgroup - 2 - 2*LINK_SIZE;
+       code++;
+       PUTINC(code, 0, 1 + LINK_SIZE);
+       *code++ = OP_KET;
+       PUTINC(code, 0, 1 + LINK_SIZE);
        }
-     /* Handle updating of the required and first characters. Update for normal
+     /* Otherwise update the main code pointer to the end of the group. */
-     brackets of all kinds, and conditions with two branches (see code above).
-     If the bracket is followed by a quantifier with zero repeat, we have to
+     else code = tempcode;
-     back off. Hence the definition of zeroreqbyte and zerofirstbyte outside the
-     main loop so that they can be accessed for the back off. */
+     /* For a DEFINE group, required and first character settings are not
+     relevant. */
+     if (bravalue == OP_DEF) break;
+     /* Handle updating of the required and first characters for other types of
+     group. Update for normal brackets of all kinds, and conditions with two
+     branches (see code above). If the bracket is followed by a quantifier with
+     zero repeat, we have to back off. Hence the definition of zeroreqbyte and
+     zerofirstbyte outside the main loop so that they can be accessed for the
+     back off. */
      zeroreqbyte = reqbyte;
      zerofirstbyte = firstbyte;
      groupsetfirstbyte = FALSE;
-     if (bravalue >= OP_BRA || bravalue == OP_ONCE || bravalue == OP_COND)
+     if (bravalue >= OP_ONCE)
        {
        /* If we have not yet set a firstbyte in this branch, take it from the
        subpattern, remembering that it was set here so that a repeat of more
-Line 3224 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4358 
 for (;; ptr++)
      firstbyte, looking for an asserted first char. */
      else if (bravalue == OP_ASSERT && subreqbyte >= 0) reqbyte = subreqbyte;
+     break;     /* End of processing '(' */
-     /* Now update the main code pointer to the end of the group. */
-     code = tempcode;
-     /* Error if hit end of pattern */
-     if (*ptr != ')')
-       {
-       *errorcodeptr = ERR14;
-       goto FAILED;
-       }
-     break;
-     /* Check \ for being a real metacharacter; if not, fall through and handle
-     it as a data character at the start of a string. Escape items are checked
-     for validity in the pre-compiling pass. */
-     case '\\':
-     tempptr = ptr;
-     c = check_escape(&ptr, errorcodeptr, *brackets, options, FALSE);
-     /* Handle metacharacters introduced by \. For ones like \d, the ESC_ values
+     /* ===================================================================*/
+     /* Handle metasequences introduced by \. For ones like \d, the ESC_ values
      are arranged to be the negation of the corresponding OP_values. For the
      back references, the values are ESC_REF plus the reference number. Only
      back references and those types that consume a character may be repeated.
      We can test for values between ESC_b and ESC_Z for the latter; this may
      have to change if any new ones are ever created. */
+     case '\\':
+     tempptr = ptr;
+     c = check_escape(&ptr, errorcodeptr, cd->bracount, options, FALSE);
+     if (*errorcodeptr != 0) goto FAILED;
      if (c < 0)
        {
        if (-c == ESC_Q)            /* Handle start of quoted string */
-Line 3262 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4383 
 for (;; ptr++)
          continue;
          }
+       if (-c == ESC_E) continue;  /* Perl ignores an orphan \E */
        /* For metasequences that actually match a character, we disable the
        setting of a first character if it hasn't already been set. */
-Line 3273 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4396 
 for (;; ptr++)
        zerofirstbyte = firstbyte;
        zeroreqbyte = reqbyte;
-       /* Back references are handled specially */
+       /* \k<name> or \k'name' is a back reference by name (Perl syntax) */
+       if (-c == ESC_k && (ptr[1] == '<' || ptr[1] == '\''))
+         {
+         is_recurse = FALSE;
+         terminator = (*(++ptr) == '<')? '>' : '\'';
+         goto NAMED_REF_OR_RECURSE;
+         }
+       /* Back references are handled specially; must disable firstbyte if
+       not set to cope with cases like (?=(\w+))\1: which would otherwise set
+       ':' later. */
        if (-c >= ESC_REF)
          {
-         int number = -c - ESC_REF;
+         recno = -c - ESC_REF;
+         HANDLE_REFERENCE:    /* Come here from named backref handling */
+         if (firstbyte == REQ_UNSET) firstbyte = REQ_NONE;
          previous = code;
          *code++ = OP_REF;
-         PUT2INC(code, 0, number);
+         PUT2INC(code, 0, recno);
+         cd->backref_map |= (recno < 32)? (1 << recno) : 1;
+         if (recno > cd->top_backref) cd->top_backref = recno;
          }
-       /* So are Unicode property matches, if supported. We know that get_ucp
+       /* So are Unicode property matches, if supported. */
-       won't fail because it was tested in the pre-pass. */
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UCP
        else if (-c == ESC_P || -c == ESC_p)
          {
          BOOL negated;
-         int value = get_ucp(&ptr, &negated, errorcodeptr);
+         int pdata;
+         int ptype = get_ucp(&ptr, &negated, &pdata, errorcodeptr);
+         if (ptype < 0) goto FAILED;
          previous = code;
          *code++ = ((-c == ESC_p) != negated)? OP_PROP : OP_NOTPROP;
-         *code++ = value;
+         *code++ = ptype;
+         *code++ = pdata;
+         }
+ #else
+       /* If Unicode properties are not supported, \X, \P, and \p are not
+       allowed. */
+       else if (-c == ESC_X || -c == ESC_P || -c == ESC_p)
+         {
+         *errorcodeptr = ERR45;
+         goto FAILED;
          }
  #endif
-       /* For the rest, we can obtain the OP value by negating the escape
+       /* For the rest (including \X when Unicode properties are supported), we
-       value */
+       can obtain the OP value by negating the escape value. */
        else
          {
-Line 3322 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4473 
 for (;; ptr++)
       mcbuffer[0] = c;
       mclength = 1;
       }
      goto ONE_CHAR;
+     /* ===================================================================*/
      /* Handle a literal character. It is guaranteed not to be whitespace or #
      when the extended flag is set. If we are in UTF-8 mode, it may be a
      multi-byte literal character. */
-Line 3335 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4487 
 for (;; ptr++)
      mcbuffer[0] = c;
  #ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
-     if (utf8 && (c & 0xc0) == 0xc0)
+     if (utf8 && c >= 0xc0)
        {
        while ((ptr[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80)
          mcbuffer[mclength++] = *(++ptr);
-Line 3386 
 for (;; ptr++)
+Line 4538 
 for (;; ptr++)
      }
    }                   /* end of big loop */
  /* Control never reaches here by falling through, only by a goto for all the
  error states. Pass back the position in the pattern so that it can be displayed
  to the user for diagnosing the error. */
-Line 3402 
 return FALSE;
+Line 4555 
 return FALSE;
  *     Compile sequence of alternatives           *
  *************************************************/
- /* On entry, ptr is pointing past the bracket character, but on return
+ /* On entry, ptr is pointing past the bracket character, but on return it
- it points to the closing bracket, or vertical bar, or end of string.
+ points to the closing bracket, or vertical bar, or end of string. The code
- The code variable is pointing at the byte into which the BRA operator has been
+ variable is pointing at the byte into which the BRA operator has been stored.
- stored. If the ims options are changed at the start (for a (?ims: group) or
+ If the ims options are changed at the start (for a (?ims: group) or during any
- during any branch, we need to insert an OP_OPT item at the start of every
+ branch, we need to insert an OP_OPT item at the start of every following branch
- following branch to ensure they get set correctly at run time, and also pass
+ to ensure they get set correctly at run time, and also pass the new options
- the new options into every subsequent branch compile.
+ into every subsequent branch compile.
+ This function is used during the pre-compile phase when we are trying to find
+ out the amount of memory needed, as well as during the real compile phase. The
+ value of lengthptr distinguishes the two phases.
  Argument:
    options        option bits, including any changes for this subpattern
    oldims         previous settings of ims option bits
-   brackets       -> int containing the number of extracting brackets used
    codeptr        -> the address of the current code pointer
    ptrptr         -> the address of the current pattern pointer
    errorcodeptr   -> pointer to error code variable
    lookbehind     TRUE if this is a lookbehind assertion
-   skipbytes      skip this many bytes at start (for OP_COND, OP_BRANUMBER)
+   skipbytes      skip this many bytes at start (for brackets and OP_COND)
    firstbyteptr   place to put the first required character, or a negative number
    reqbyteptr     place to put the last required character, or a negative number
    bcptr          pointer to the chain of currently open branches
    cd             points to the data block with tables pointers etc.
+   lengthptr      NULL during the real compile phase
+                  points to length accumulator during pre-compile phase
- Returns:      TRUE on success
+ Returns:         TRUE on success
  */
  static BOOL
- compile_regex(int options, int oldims, int *brackets, uschar **codeptr,
+ compile_regex(int options, int oldims, uschar **codeptr, const uschar **ptrptr,
-   const uschar **ptrptr, int *errorcodeptr, BOOL lookbehind, int skipbytes,
+   int *errorcodeptr, BOOL lookbehind, int skipbytes, int *firstbyteptr,
-   int *firstbyteptr, int *reqbyteptr, branch_chain *bcptr, compile_data *cd)
+   int *reqbyteptr, branch_chain *bcptr, compile_data *cd, int *lengthptr)
  {
  const uschar *ptr = *ptrptr;
  uschar *code = *codeptr;
-Line 3439 
 uschar *start_bracket = code;
+Line 4597 
 uschar *start_bracket = code;
  uschar *reverse_count = NULL;
  int firstbyte, reqbyte;
  int branchfirstbyte, branchreqbyte;
+ int length;
  branch_chain bc;
  bc.outer = bcptr;
-Line 3446 
 bc.current = code;
+Line 4605 
 bc.current = code;
  firstbyte = reqbyte = REQ_UNSET;
+ /* Accumulate the length for use in the pre-compile phase. Start with the
+ length of the BRA and KET and any extra bytes that are required at the
+ beginning. We accumulate in a local variable to save frequent testing of
+ lenthptr for NULL. We cannot do this by looking at the value of code at the
+ start and end of each alternative, because compiled items are discarded during
+ the pre-compile phase so that the work space is not exceeded. */
+ length = 2 + 2*LINK_SIZE + skipbytes;
+ /* WARNING: If the above line is changed for any reason, you must also change
+ the code that abstracts option settings at the start of the pattern and makes
+ them global. It tests the value of length for (2 + 2*LINK_SIZE) in the
+ pre-compile phase to find out whether anything has yet been compiled or not. */
  /* Offset is set zero to mark that this bracket is still open */
  PUT(code, 1, 0);
-Line 3461 
 for (;;)
+Line 4634 
 for (;;)
      {
      *code++ = OP_OPT;
      *code++ = options & PCRE_IMS;
+     length += 2;
      }
    /* Set up dummy OP_REVERSE if lookbehind assertion */
-Line 3470 
 for (;;)
+Line 4644 
 for (;;)
      *code++ = OP_REVERSE;
      reverse_count = code;
      PUTINC(code, 0, 0);
+     length += 1 + LINK_SIZE;
      }
-   /* Now compile the branch */
+   /* Now compile the branch; in the pre-compile phase its length gets added
+   into the length. */
-   if (!compile_branch(&options, brackets, &code, &ptr, errorcodeptr,
+   if (!compile_branch(&options, &code, &ptr, errorcodeptr, &branchfirstbyte,
-         &branchfirstbyte, &branchreqbyte, &bc, cd))
+         &branchreqbyte, &bc, cd, (lengthptr == NULL)? NULL : &length))
      {
      *ptrptr = ptr;
      return FALSE;
      }
-   /* If this is the first branch, the firstbyte and reqbyte values for the
+   /* In the real compile phase, there is some post-processing to be done. */
-   branch become the values for the regex. */
-   if (*last_branch != OP_ALT)
+   if (lengthptr == NULL)
      {
-     firstbyte = branchfirstbyte;
+     /* If this is the first branch, the firstbyte and reqbyte values for the
-     reqbyte = branchreqbyte;
+     branch become the values for the regex. */
-     }
-   /* If this is not the first branch, the first char and reqbyte have to
+     if (*last_branch != OP_ALT)
-   match the values from all the previous branches, except that if the previous
+       {
-   value for reqbyte didn't have REQ_VARY set, it can still match, and we set
+       firstbyte = branchfirstbyte;
-   REQ_VARY for the regex. */
+       reqbyte = branchreqbyte;
+       }
-   else
+     /* If this is not the first branch, the first char and reqbyte have to
-     {
+     match the values from all the previous branches, except that if the
-     /* If we previously had a firstbyte, but it doesn't match the new branch,
+     previous value for reqbyte didn't have REQ_VARY set, it can still match,
-     we have to abandon the firstbyte for the regex, but if there was previously
+     and we set REQ_VARY for the regex. */
-     no reqbyte, it takes on the value of the old firstbyte. */
-     if (firstbyte >= 0 && firstbyte != branchfirstbyte)
+     else
        {
-       if (reqbyte < 0) reqbyte = firstbyte;
+       /* If we previously had a firstbyte, but it doesn't match the new branch,
-       firstbyte = REQ_NONE;
+       we have to abandon the firstbyte for the regex, but if there was
-       }
+       previously no reqbyte, it takes on the value of the old firstbyte. */
-     /* If we (now or from before) have no firstbyte, a firstbyte from the
+       if (firstbyte >= 0 && firstbyte != branchfirstbyte)
-     branch becomes a reqbyte if there isn't a branch reqbyte. */
+         {
+         if (reqbyte < 0) reqbyte = firstbyte;
+         firstbyte = REQ_NONE;
+         }
-     if (firstbyte < 0 && branchfirstbyte >= 0 && branchreqbyte < 0)
+       /* If we (now or from before) have no firstbyte, a firstbyte from the
   &nbs